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Secondary 4 Pure Biology Cells Biomolecules Quiz
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Questions
Secondary 4 Pure Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules
Name: ____________________
Class: ____________________
Date: ____________________
Score: ______ / 40
Duration: 45 minutes
Total Marks: 40
Instructions
- Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
- Write your answers clearly and in complete sentences where required.
- The number of marks for each question is shown in brackets [ ].
- You may use a calculator where necessary.
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)
For each question, choose the most appropriate answer and write the letter in the space provided.
1. Which organelle is responsible for aerobic respiration in a cell?
(a) Ribosome
(b) Golgi body
(c) Mitochondrion
(d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: ______ [1]
2. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
(a) Provides rigid structural support to the cell
(b) Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
(c) Synthesises proteins for export
(d) Stores genetic information
Answer: ______ [1]
3. Root hair cells are adapted for water absorption by having:
(a) A thick cell wall and small surface area
(b) A large surface area and thin cell wall
(c) Chloroplasts and a large vacuole
(d) A nucleus and many mitochondria
Answer: ______ [1]
4. Which biomolecule is the main source of quick energy for cells?
(a) Protein
(b) Lipid
(c) Carbohydrate
(d) Nucleic acid
Answer: ______ [1]
5. An enzyme is described as a biological catalyst because it:
(a) Is consumed during a chemical reaction
(b) Speeds up a reaction without being permanently changed
(c) Works at any temperature and pH
(d) Increases the energy released by a reaction
Answer: ______ [1]
6. Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing temperature on enzyme activity?
(a) Activity increases continuously with temperature
(b) Activity increases to an optimum, then decreases sharply
(c) Activity decreases continuously with temperature
(d) Activity is unaffected by temperature changes
Answer: ______ [1]
7. Which cell structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
(a) Cell membrane
(b) Nucleus
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Mitochondrion
Answer: ______ [1]
8. The lock-and-key hypothesis is used to explain:
(a) How enzymes are denatured at high temperatures
(b) How substrates bind to the active site of an enzyme
(c) How enzymes are synthesised in ribosomes
(d) How enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction
Answer: ______ [1]
9. Which of the following is a function of proteins in cells?
(a) Long-term energy storage
(b) Providing structural support and acting as enzymes
(c) Forming the main component of cell walls
(d) Storing genetic information
Answer: ______ [1]
10. Diffusion is the movement of molecules:
(a) Against a concentration gradient, requiring energy
(b) Down a concentration gradient, without requiring energy
(c) Only through a partially permeable membrane
(d) Only in living cells
Answer: ______ [1]
Section B: Structured Questions (20 marks)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
11. Fig. 11.1 shows a typical animal cell as seen under an electron microscope.
(Diagram description for reference: A labelled diagram of an animal cell showing structures A, B, C, and D. Structure A is the outer boundary. Structure B is a large oval structure containing dense material. Structure C is a bean-shaped organelle with internal folds. Structure D is a network of membranes near the nucleus.)
(a) Identify structures A, B, C, and D. [4]
A: ______________________________
B: ______________________________
C: ______________________________
D: ______________________________
(b) State one function of structure C. [1]
(c) Explain why structure D is important for the cell. [2]
12. A student investigated the effect of pH on the activity of enzyme X. The results are shown in Table 12.1.
| pH | Rate of reaction (arbitrary units) |
|---|---|
| 2 | 5 |
| 4 | 25 |
| 6 | 60 |
| 7 | 80 |
| 8 | 45 |
| 10 | 10 |
(a) What is the optimum pH for enzyme X? [1]
(b) Describe the trend in enzyme activity as pH increases from 2 to 10. [2]
(c) Explain why enzyme activity decreases at pH values above the optimum. [2]
13. (a) Name the process by which water molecules move across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. [1]
(b) A plant cell is placed in a concentrated salt solution. Describe what happens to the cell and explain why. [3]
14. (a) State two differences between diffusion and active transport. [2]
(b) Give one example of a substance that is transported into a cell by active transport. [1]
Section C: Data-Based and Application Questions (10 marks)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
15. Fig. 15.1 shows the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
(Graph description: A graph with substrate concentration on the x-axis and rate of reaction on the y-axis. The curve rises steeply at low substrate concentrations, then gradually levels off and plateaus at high substrate concentrations.)
(a) Describe the relationship between substrate concentration and the rate of reaction. [2]
(b) Explain why the rate of reaction levels off at high substrate concentrations. [2]
(c) Suggest what would happen to the graph if the enzyme concentration was halved. Explain your answer. [2]
16. A student tested four unknown solutions (P, Q, R, and S) for the presence of different biomolecules. The results are shown in Table 16.1.
| Solution | Benedict's test (after heating) | Iodine test | Biuret test | Ethanol emulsion test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | Blue | Brown | Purple | Cloudy white |
| Q | Brick-red precipitate | Brown | Blue | Clear |
| R | Blue | Blue-black | Blue | Clear |
| S | Blue | Brown | Blue | Cloudy white |
(a) Which solution contains reducing sugar? Explain your answer. [2]
(b) Which solution contains starch? [1]
(c) Which solution contains protein? [1]
(d) Which solution contains lipid? [1]
17. Red blood cells are specialised for transporting oxygen.
(a) State two adaptations of red blood cells that make them efficient at oxygen transport. [2]
(b) Explain how one of these adaptations helps the red blood cell carry out its function. [2]
18. (a) Define the term "denaturation" as applied to enzymes. [1]
(b) State two conditions that can cause an enzyme to become denatured. [2]
19. Fig. 19.1 shows a plant cell before and after being placed in a solution.
(Diagram description: Cell A shows a plant cell with the cell membrane pressed against the cell wall and a large central vacuole. Cell B shows the same cell with the cell membrane pulled away from the cell wall and the vacuole much smaller.)
(a) Name the condition shown in Cell B. [1]
(b) Explain what caused the change from Cell A to Cell B. [3]
20. (a) State the chemical elements that make up a carbohydrate molecule. [1]
(b) Name the type of chemical reaction that joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide. [1]
(c) Name the bond formed between two monosaccharides during this reaction. [1]
End of Quiz
Answers
Secondary 4 Pure Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules
Answer Key
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)
1. (c) Mitochondrion [1]
The mitochondrion is the site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced.
2. (b) Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell [1]
The cell membrane is partially permeable and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
3. (b) A large surface area and thin cell wall [1]
Root hair cells have long extensions that increase surface area for absorption, and a thin cell wall allows easier water uptake.
4. (c) Carbohydrate [1]
Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are the primary source of quick energy for cellular respiration.
5. (b) Speeds up a reaction without being permanently changed [1]
Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower activation energy and are not consumed in the reaction.
6. (b) Activity increases to an optimum, then decreases sharply [1]
Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to the optimum, beyond which denaturation occurs and activity drops rapidly.
7. (c) Chloroplast [1]
Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and are the site of photosynthesis.
8. (b) How substrates bind to the active site of an enzyme [1]
The lock-and-key hypothesis describes the specific complementary fit between a substrate and the enzyme's active site.
9. (b) Providing structural support and acting as enzymes [1]
Proteins have many functions, including structural roles (e.g., collagen) and catalytic roles (enzymes).
10. (b) Down a concentration gradient, without requiring energy [1]
Diffusion is a passive process that moves molecules from high to low concentration without energy input.
Section B: Structured Questions (20 marks)
11. (a) [4 marks — 1 mark each]
- A: Cell membrane
- B: Nucleus
- C: Mitochondrion
- D: Endoplasmic reticulum (or rough endoplasmic reticulum)
Marking note: Accept "plasma membrane" for A. Accept "ER" or "rough ER" for D.
(b) [1 mark]
Site of aerobic respiration / produces ATP / releases energy for cell activities.
(c) [2 marks]
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the transport of proteins (1 mark) synthesised by ribosomes to other parts of the cell or for secretion (1 mark).
Alternative: Rough ER synthesises/transports proteins; smooth ER synthesises lipids.
12. (a) [1 mark]
pH 7
(b) [2 marks]
As pH increases from 2 to 7, the rate of reaction increases (1 mark). As pH increases from 7 to 10, the rate of reaction decreases (1 mark).
(c) [2 marks]
At pH values above the optimum, the enzyme's active site changes shape (1 mark) due to disruption of bonds in the enzyme molecule, so the substrate can no longer fit properly (1 mark).
Marking note: Accept "enzyme is denatured" as a valid explanation.
13. (a) [1 mark]
Osmosis
(b) [3 marks]
The cell will undergo plasmolysis (1 mark). Water moves out of the cell by osmosis (1 mark) because the salt solution has a lower water potential than the cell sap (1 mark). The cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall and the vacuole shrinks.
Marking note: Students must mention direction of water movement and the reason (water potential difference) for full marks.
14. (a) [2 marks — 1 mark each]
Any two of the following:
- Diffusion does not require energy; active transport requires energy (ATP).
- Diffusion moves molecules down a concentration gradient; active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient.
- Diffusion does not require carrier proteins; active transport requires carrier proteins.
(b) [1 mark]
Any one example: Mineral ions / glucose (in the gut when concentration is already high) / amino acids / sodium ions (in nerve cells).
Section C: Data-Based and Application Questions (10 marks)
15. (a) [2 marks]
As substrate concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases (1 mark). At high substrate concentrations, the rate levels off / reaches a maximum (1 mark).
(b) [2 marks]
All active sites of the enzyme molecules are occupied by substrate (1 mark). The enzyme concentration becomes the limiting factor, so adding more substrate has no further effect (1 mark).
(c) [2 marks]
The maximum rate of reaction would be lower (1 mark) because there are fewer enzyme molecules available to bind with substrate at any given time (1 mark).
16. (a) [2 marks]
Solution Q (1 mark) — it produced a brick-red precipitate with Benedict's test, which indicates the presence of reducing sugar (1 mark).
(b) [1 mark]
Solution R — it turned blue-black with the iodine test.
(c) [1 mark]
Solution P — it turned purple with the Biuret test.
(d) [1 mark]
Solution S — it produced a cloudy white emulsion with the ethanol emulsion test.
Marking note: Solution P also contains lipid, but the question asks for one answer. Accept either P or S.
17. (a) [2 marks — 1 mark each]
Any two of the following:
- Biconcave disc shape (increases surface area to volume ratio)
- Contains haemoglobin (binds to oxygen)
- No nucleus (more space for haemoglobin)
- Flexible membrane (can squeeze through narrow capillaries)
(b) [2 marks]
Example: The biconcave shape increases the surface area to volume ratio (1 mark), allowing more oxygen to diffuse into the cell in a shorter time (1 mark).
Alternative: Haemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues, enabling efficient oxygen transport.
18. (a) [1 mark]
Denaturation is the permanent change in the shape of an enzyme's active site (due to disruption of bonds), so that the substrate can no longer bind to it.
(b) [2 marks — 1 mark each]
Any two of the following:
- High temperature (above optimum)
- Extreme pH (too acidic or too alkaline)
19. (a) [1 mark]
Plasmolysis
(b) [3 marks]
The cell was placed in a solution with a lower water potential than the cell sap (1 mark). Water moved out of the cell by osmosis (1 mark). The vacuole shrank and the cell membrane pulled away from the cell wall (1 mark).
20. (a) [1 mark]
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O)
(b) [1 mark]
Condensation reaction
(c) [1 mark]
Glycosidic bond
End of Answer Key