Secondary 4 Geography Resources Sustainability Quiz

Answer Key - Resources Sustainability Quiz

1. Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (2m)

2. Timber/wood; medicinal plants; wild fruits/nuts; fresh water. (Any 2, 2m)

3. Air pollution (smog); urban heat island effect; waste accumulation/landfill overflow. (Any 2, 2m)

4. Social: Increased community awareness/engagement in sustainability. Economic: Reduction in waste disposal costs/creation of composting jobs. (1m each, 2m)

5. Renewable: Resources that can be replenished naturally over short periods (e.g., solar, wind). Non-renewable: Resources that exist in finite amounts and take millions of years to form (e.g., coal, oil). (1m each, 2m)

6. Regulating services (e.g., wetlands/mangroves) act as sponges that absorb excess rainwater, slowing the flow of water into urban drains and reducing the peak discharge of floods. (3m)

7. When a resource is viewed as a cultural symbol or sacred site, communities are more likely to protect it from industrial exploitation to preserve their identity and heritage. (3m)

8. Lack of arable land/natural freshwater sources makes the state dependent on imports, leaving it vulnerable to global price fluctuations or supply chain disruptions. (2m)

9. Education and training (e.g., drills, workshops) increase knowledge of risks; improving infrastructure (e.g., better drainage) reduces vulnerability. (3m)

10. It provides a weather-independent source of fresh water by removing salt from seawater, reducing reliance on rainfall and imported water. (3m)

11. Over-extraction removes water from the pores of underground sediments $\rightarrow$ loss of pore pressure $\rightarrow$ sediments compact/collapse $\rightarrow$ ground surface sinks. (4m)

12. Uses vertical space (stacking layers) $\rightarrow$ increases yield per square meter $\rightarrow$ reduces need for expansive horizontal farmland $\rightarrow$ allows food production in high-density urban centers. (4m)

13. Higher population $\rightarrow$ increased demand for food, water, and energy $\rightarrow$ intensification of farming/mining $\rightarrow$ faster depletion of stocks than natural regeneration rates. (4m)

14. 1. Reducing consumption (e.g., avoiding single-use plastics). 2. Active participation in local recycling or community gardening. (2m each, 4m)

15. Linear: Take $\rightarrow$ Make $\rightarrow$ Dispose (waste is the end point). Circular: Design for longevity $\rightarrow$ Reuse $\rightarrow$ Recycle (waste is treated as a resource for the next cycle). (4m)

16.

• Agree: Hydroponics, GMOs, and lab-grown meat increase efficiency and yield.
• Disagree: Policy changes (trade agreements), behavioral changes (reducing food waste), and sustainable farming (organic) are also essential.
• Conclusion: Technology is a powerful tool but must be paired with policy and behavioral change. (6m)

17.

• Legislation: High enforcement power, wide scale (e.g., plastic bag ban), but can be resisted or ignored.
• Community: High buy-in, sustainable behavior change, but slow to scale and lacks legal authority.
• Evaluation: Legislation provides the framework; community initiatives provide the cultural shift. (6m)

18. Economic growth often requires extracting more resources (mining, deforestation) for profit $\rightarrow$ leads to environmental degradation (habitat loss, pollution) $\rightarrow$ creates a trade-off where short-term wealth comes at the cost of long-term ecological health. (6m)

19.

• Effective: Reduces the need for virgin materials, lowers energy use in production, diverts waste from landfills.
• Limitations: Recycling is energy-intensive; "Reduce" is the most effective but hardest to implement due to consumerism.
• Conclusion: Effective as a mitigation strategy, but not a complete solution without systemic change. (6m)

20. Global resources (e.g., high seas) are "commons" $\rightarrow$ no single nation owns them $\rightarrow$ leads to "tragedy of the commons" (overfishing). International treaties (e.g., Paris Agreement) coordinate limits and standards to prevent total collapse. (6m)