Secondary 4 Geography Practice Paper 4

TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography Secondary 4

Answer Key and Marking Scheme (Version 4)

Subject: Geography
Level: Secondary 4
Topic: Map, Graph & Data Skills

Section A: Map Skills (15 Marks)

1. Grid Reference and Direction (a) 123485 (Accept 122-124, 484-486) [1] (b) South-West (or SW) [1]

2. Cross-Section Analysis (a) Description: The land rises steeply from the coast (0-10m) to a peak of over 50m, then gently slopes down inland. [2]

• 1 mark for identifying steep rise/coastal cliff.
• 1 mark for identifying peak/higher inland relief. (b) Gradient: The gradient is steep near the coast (contours are close together) and becomes gentle further inland (contours are spaced further apart). [2]
• 1 mark for linking contour spacing to gradient.
• 1 mark for correct description of change (steep to gentle).

3. Land Use and Pattern (a) Distribution: Agricultural land is concentrated in the central/western part of the map, away from the coast. It forms a large contiguous block. It is located on flatter land (fewer contours). [3]

• 1 mark for location (central/western).
• 1 mark for pattern (contiguous/large block).
• 1 mark for link to physical feature (flat land). (b) Physical Factor: Flat relief / Gentle slope / Fertile soil (alluvial) / Proximity to river for irrigation. [1]

4. Map Measurement (a) 2.1 km (Accept 2.0 - 2.2 km depending on map scale assumption, usually 1:25,000 or 1:50,000. Assuming standard 1cm=0.5km or similar. Note: In real exam, scale bar is used.) [1] (b) Area Calculation:

• Grid square size: 1km x 1km = 1 sq km.
• The area covers 2 grid squares east-west (110-112) and 2 grid squares north-south (440-442).
• Total area = 2km x 2km = 4 sq km. [2]
• 1 mark for correct dimensions.
• 1 mark for correct final answer.

5. Site Selection (a) Reasons:

1. Located near the Nature Reserve/Coast, offering scenic views (eco-tourism appeal).
2. Away from the main urban area, reducing noise/pollution.
3. Accessible via existing roads but secluded. [2]

• 1 mark per valid reason with map reference. (b) Opposition:
• Loss of natural habitat/biodiversity.
• Increased traffic/congestion in a quiet area.
• Risk of pollution to the nearby coast. [1]

Section B: Graph and Chart Interpretation (20 Marks)

6. Climate Data Extraction (a) December (or Jan, depending on specific hypothetical graph, but typically Dec/Jan for tropical monsoon). [1] (b) Annual Range:

• Highest Temp: e.g., 28°C
• Lowest Temp: e.g., 25°C
• Range: 28 - 25 = 3°C. [2]
• 1 mark for correct subtraction.
• 1 mark for correct unit (°C).

7. Climate Description

• High temperatures year-round (above 25°C). [1]
• High annual rainfall (e.g., >2000mm). [1]
• Distinct wet and dry seasons (or uniform rainfall if equatorial). [1]

8. Wind Rose Interpretation (a) North-East (NE). [1] (b) 15% (Accept 10-20% based on visual estimation of segment length). [1] (c) Impact:

• Prevailing NE winds blow away from the SW industrial zone. [1]
• Therefore, industrial pollution is carried out to sea/away from residential areas, improving air quality in the city. [1]

9. Population Structure Comparison (a) Birth Rates:

• Country X has a wider base, indicating a higher birth rate. [1]
• Country Y has a narrower base, indicating a lower birth rate. [1] (b) Dependency Ratio:
• Country X has a higher dependency ratio. [1]
• Because it has a large proportion of young dependents (0-14 years) relative to the working-age population. [1]

10. Population Policy Implication (a) Challenge for Country Y:

• Ageing population leads to higher healthcare costs. [1]
• Shortage of workforce/labor force. [1] (b) Policy for Country X:
• Implement family planning programs/education. [1]
• Provide incentives for smaller families. [1]

11. Trend Analysis (a) Trend:

• Transport emissions have increased steadily/consistently from 1990 to 2020. [1]
• They have doubled/tripled (quantify if possible from graph). [1] (b) Largest Increase: Transport or Energy (depending on graph slope). [1]

12. Data Interpretation (a) Peak Year: 2005 (or specific year from graph). [1] (b) Reason for Decline:

• Shift to renewable energy sources. [1]
• Implementation of carbon taxes/regulations. [1]
• Deindustrialization (shift to service economy).

13. Synthesis

• Developing countries rely heavily on industry/energy for economic growth. [1]
• Reducing emissions may slow down industrialization/economic development. [1]
• They lack funds/technology for clean energy transition compared to developed nations. [1]

Section C: Fieldwork and Data Presentation (15 Marks)

14. Sampling Methods (a) Advantage of Systematic Sampling:

• Reduces bias compared to random selection. [1]
• Ensures even coverage of the study area/time period. [1] (b) Disadvantage of Convenience Sampling:
• High risk of bias (e.g., only surveying friendly/approachable people). [1]
• Data may not be representative of the whole population. [1]

15. Data Presentation Choice (a) Graph Type: Pie Chart (or Bar Graph). [1] (b) Reason:

• Pie chart shows parts of a whole (percentages of total visitors). [1]
• Bar graph allows easy comparison between categories. [1]

16. Graph Construction

• Title: "Relationship between Distance from Car Park and Litter Volume". [1]
• Axes: X-axis: Distance (m); Y-axis: Litter Volume (kg). Labels and units correct. [1]
• Plotting: All 5 points plotted accurately. [1]
• Line: Points joined by straight lines (line graph) or smooth curve. [1]

17. Anomaly Identification (a) Anomaly: None strictly in this perfect dataset, but if Site 3 was 10kg, that would be an anomaly. In this specific table, the data is perfectly correlated. If forced to find an anomaly in real data, look for outliers. Accept: "No obvious anomaly" if data is perfect. [1] (Note: If the question implies an anomaly exists, check for a point that breaks the trend. Here, the trend is consistent.) (b) Reason (if anomaly existed):

• Wind blew litter to that spot.
• Bin was overflowing at that site.

18. Hypothesis Testing (a) Support: Yes. [1] (b) Justification:

• Litter volume is highest (12kg) at 0m (car park). [1]
• Litter volume decreases consistently to 2kg at 800m. [1]

19. Method Improvement

• Repeat the survey on different days/times to check for consistency. [1]
• Use multiple teams to collect data simultaneously to reduce time-of-day bias. [1]

20. Conclusion

• The investigation supports the hypothesis that litter is concentrated near access points (car parks). [1]
• This suggests that tourist behavior is linked to convenience. [1]
• Management strategy: Place more bins near the car park and educate visitors on "carry in, carry out" policies. [1]

End of Marking Scheme