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Secondary 4 Geography Preliminary Examination Paper 4

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TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography Secondary 4

TuitionGoWhere Exam Practice (AI)
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Version 4 of 5

Subject: Geography
Level: Secondary 4
Paper: Map, Graph & Data Skills Practice
Duration: 1 Hour 15 Minutes
Total Marks: 50

Name: ________________________
Class: ________________________
Date: ________________________

Instructions to Candidates

Write your Name, Class, and Date in the spaces above.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
You may use a calculator, ruler, and protractor.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Section A: Map and Photograph Interpretation

Answer all questions in this section.

1. Study Figure 1 (Insert), which shows an Ordnance Survey map extract of a coastal area.

(a) Identify the grid reference of the lighthouse located on the headland. [1]

(b) Describe the relief of the land in grid square 4582. [2]

(c) Measure the straight-line distance between the Tourist Information Centre (Grid Ref 4380) and the car park at the beach (Grid Ref 4681). Give your answer in kilometres. [2]

(d) With reference to Figure 1, explain why the settlement at Grid Ref 4483 is located in this specific position. [3]

2. Study Photograph A (Insert), which shows a coastal management scheme.

(a) Identify the type of hard engineering structure shown in the foreground of Photograph A. [1]

(b) Describe two visible features of this structure. [2]

Disadvantage:

Section B: Graph Construction and Interpretation

Answer all questions in this section.

3. Study Table 1, which shows the monthly rainfall data for Station X.

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Rainfall (mm)	240	210	180	150	120	100	90	110	140	190	230	250

(a) Calculate the annual range of rainfall for Station X. [1]

(b) On the grid provided in Figure 2 (Insert), plot a line graph to show the monthly rainfall variation for Station X. [3] (Note: Ensure points are plotted accurately and joined with a ruled line.)

4. Study Table 2, which shows the sources of energy for Country Y in 2023.

Energy Source	Percentage (%)
Coal	45
Natural Gas	25
Hydroelectric	15
Solar/Wind	10
Nuclear	5

(a) Calculate the angle required to represent 'Coal' on a pie chart. Show your working. [2]

(b) Complete the pie chart in Figure 3 (Insert) using the data from Table 2. Label each sector clearly. [3]

Section C: Data Analysis and Fieldwork Skills

Answer all questions in this section.

5. A group of students conducted fieldwork to investigate the change in beach profile from the high tide mark to the low tide mark.

(a) State the hypothesis the students were likely testing. [1]

(b) The students used a clinometer and ranging poles to measure the slope angle every 10 metres. Explain why random sampling would not be an appropriate sampling technique for this investigation. [2]

(c) Study Figure 4, which shows the students' results. Describe the relationship between distance from the high tide mark and the slope angle. [2]

6. Study Figure 5, a scatter graph showing the relationship between distance from the city centre and land value.

(a) Describe the correlation shown in Figure 5. [1]

(b) Suggest one reason for the anomaly located at 15km from the city centre. [2]

7. Study the climate graph (climograph) for Singapore in Figure 6.

(a) State the average annual temperature of Singapore. [1]

(b) Explain why Singapore experiences little variation in temperature throughout the year. [2]

Section D: Synthesis and Evaluation

Answer all questions in this section.

8. Study Figure 7, which presents data on tourist arrivals and carbon emissions in a popular destination.

(a) Using evidence from Figure 7, describe the trend in tourist arrivals between 2010 and 2020. [2]

(b) Calculate the percentage increase in carbon emissions from 2010 (500 tonnes) to 2020 (750 tonnes). [2]

(c) "Tourism development always leads to environmental degradation." Using the data in Figure 7 and your own knowledge, to what extent do you agree with this statement? [4]

9. Study the map extract in Figure 8, which shows a proposed site for a new industrial estate.

(a) Identify two physical factors that make this site suitable for industry. [2]

(b) Identify one potential conflict between the proposed industrial estate and the nearby residential area. [2]

10. Study Table 3, which compares the Human Development Index (HDI) and Carbon Footprint of three countries.

Country	HDI Rank	Carbon Footprint (tonnes per capita)
A	1	16.5
B	50	7.2
C	150	0.8

(a) Describe the relationship between HDI rank and carbon footprint shown in Table 3. [2]

(b) Explain why Country C has a low carbon footprint. [2]

END OF PAPER

Answers

TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography Secondary 4

Answer Key and Marking Scheme

Version 4 of 5

Section A: Map and Photograph Interpretation

1. Map Interpretation (a) Grid Reference: 4582 (or specific grid ref from insert, e.g., 452823). [1]

Marking Note: Accept 4-figure or 6-figure if precise. Must be Easting then Northing.

(b) Relief Description:

The land is steep/hilly. [1]
Contour lines are close together / Height increases from Xm to Ym. [1]
Marking Note: Must refer to contour spacing or specific heights.

Measurement on map: e.g., 4.2 cm. [1]
Conversion to km: e.g., 4.2 km (assuming 1:25,000 or 1:50,000 scale as per insert). [1]
Marking Note: Allow ±1mm tolerance. Correct unit (km) required.

(d) Settlement Location:

Located on flat land (contours far apart) suitable for building. [1]
Close to water source/river/coast for transport or resources. [1]
Protected from prevailing winds/high ground nearby. [1]
Marking Note: Answers must reference map evidence (e.g., "flat land at grid 4483").

2. Photograph Interpretation (a) Structure: Sea wall / Revetment / Groynes. [1]

Marking Note: Must match visual evidence in Photograph A.

(b) Features:

Made of concrete/stone/wood. [1]
Angled/slanted to break wave energy / Perpendicular to shore. [1]

Advantage: Effective at stopping erosion immediately / Protects infrastructure behind it. [2]
Disadvantage: Expensive to build/maintain / Unsightly / Causes erosion downstream (terminal groyne syndrome). [2]
Marking Note: 2 marks for clear explanation of each.

Section B: Graph Construction and Interpretation

3. Rainfall Data (a) Range: 250mm - 90mm = 160mm. [1]

Marking Note: Correct calculation.

(b) Graph Plotting:

Points plotted correctly for all 12 months. [2]
Points joined with a ruled line (not freehand). [1]
Marking Note: Deduct 1 mark for each incorrect plot. Max 3 marks.

Rainfall decreases steadily from January (240mm) to July (90mm). [1]
The rate of decrease is consistent / sharpest between Jan-Feb. [1]

4. Energy Data (a) Angle Calculation:

Working: $45/100 \times 360$ . [1]
Answer: $162^\circ$ . [1]

(b) Pie Chart:

Coal sector ( $162^\circ$ ) drawn accurately. [1]
Other sectors drawn proportionally. [1]
Labels/Legend included. [1]

High reliance on Coal (45%) is unsustainable due to high CO2 emissions. [1]
Renewable sources (Solar/Wind) are only 10%, which is low. [1]
Mix is not sustainable; needs shift to renewables to reduce carbon footprint. [1]

Section C: Data Analysis and Fieldwork Skills

5. Fieldwork Methods (a) Hypothesis: The beach slope angle decreases/increases as you move from high to low tide mark. [1]

(b) Sampling Technique:

Systematic sampling is needed to show the change across the profile. [1]
Random sampling might miss key changes in slope or create gaps in data. [1]

As distance from high tide mark increases, the slope angle decreases/increases. [1]
There is a negative/positive correlation. [1]

6. Scatter Graph (a) Correlation: Negative correlation. [1]

Marking Note: As distance increases, land value decreases.

(b) Anomaly Reason:

Presence of a shopping mall / transport hub / industrial park at that location. [1]
This increases land value despite the distance from CBD. [1]

Bid rent theory: Highest land value at CBD due to accessibility and competition. [1]
As distance increases, accessibility decreases. [1]
Demand for land decreases, lowering price. [1]

7. Climate Graph (Singapore) (a) Avg Temp: Approx $27^\circ\text{C}$ - $28^\circ\text{C}$ . [1]

(b) Temp Variation:

Located near the Equator (low latitude). [1]
Receives consistent high solar insolation year-round. [1]

Caused by the Inter-Monsoon periods. [1]
Convergence of winds / ITCZ overhead leads to convectional rainfall. [1]
Sumatra Squalls may also contribute. [1]

Section D: Synthesis and Evaluation

8. Tourism and Environment (a) Trend:

Tourist arrivals increased steadily from 2010 to 2019. [1]
Sharp drop in 2020 (due to pandemic). [1]

(b) Percentage Increase:

Working: $(750 - 500) / 500 \times 100$ . [1]
Answer: $50\%$ . [1]

Agree: Data shows emissions rose with tourists; infrastructure strain, waste, pollution. [2]
Disagree: Tourism can fund conservation (eco-tourism); emissions can be managed via green tech. [1]
Conclusion: Depends on management; not "always" degradation if sustainable practices are used. [1]

9. Industrial Site (a) Physical Factors:

Flat land (easy to build). [1]
Near river/coast (water supply/transport). [1]

(b) Conflict:

Noise/Air pollution affecting residents. [1]
Increased traffic congestion. [1]

Planting trees as a buffer zone. [1]
Strict operating hours / Noise barriers. [1]

10. HDI and Carbon Footprint (a) Relationship:

Generally, higher HDI (lower rank number) correlates with higher carbon footprint. [1]
Country A has highest HDI and highest footprint; Country C has lowest HDI and footprint. [1]

(b) Country C Low Footprint:

Low level of industrialization. [1]
Limited access to energy/consumer goods. [1]

Economic growth (improving HDI) usually requires more energy/industry, raising emissions. [1]
Difficult to decouple growth from carbon without expensive green technology. [1]
Needs international support/technology transfer to develop sustainably. [1]

END OF MARKING SCHEME