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Secondary 4 Geography Preliminary Examination Paper 2

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TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography Secondary 4

TuitionGoWhere Exam Practice (AI)

Subject: Geography
Level: Secondary 4
Paper: Preliminary Examination (Practice Set) - Version 2
Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes
Total Marks: 60

Name: __________________________
Class: __________________________
Date: __________________________

Instructions to Candidates

Write your name, class, and date in the spaces above.
Answer all questions.
The marks for each question or part question are given in brackets [ ] at the end of the question.
You may use a calculator for any calculations.
For map and graph questions, ensure your work is clear and labels are legible.

Section A: Map and Photograph Interpretation

Answer all questions in this section.

Study Map Extract 1 (Insert A), which shows a coastal area in Southeast Asia, and Photograph A (Insert B), which shows a specific landform within this area.

1. Study Map Extract 1.
(a) Identify the grid reference of the lighthouse located on the headland. [1]
(b) Measure the straight-line distance in kilometres between Point X (Grid 1205) and Point Y (Grid 1508). [1]
(c) Describe the pattern of settlement shown in the northern part of the map extract. [2]

2. Study Photograph A.
(a) Identify the coastal landform shown in the foreground of the photograph. [1]
(b) Describe two visible features of this landform using evidence from the photograph. [2]
(c) Explain how this landform was formed. [4]

3. Study Map Extract 1.
With reference to the map, explain why the area marked 'Z' is suitable for the development of a tourist resort. Give three reasons. [3]

Section B: Graph and Data Analysis

Answer all questions in this section.

Study Table 1, which shows the monthly rainfall and temperature data for Station A, and Figure 1, which is an incomplete climate graph for Station A.

Table 1: Climate Data for Station A

Month	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Temp (°C)	26	27	27	28	28	27	27	27	27	27	26	26
Rainfall (mm)	240	210	230	180	150	120	110	130	160	200	250	280

4. Study Table 1 and Figure 1.
(a) Complete the rainfall bar for the month of July on Figure 1. [1]
(b) Calculate the annual range of temperature for Station A. Show your working. [2]
(c) State the total annual rainfall for Station A. [1]

5. Study Table 1.
(a) Name the climate type of Station A. [1]
(b) Account for the high temperatures recorded throughout the year. [2]
(c) Explain why there is a slight decrease in rainfall from May to July. [3]

Study Figure 2, a pie chart showing the reasons for visiting a National Park, and Table 2, which shows visitor numbers from 2018 to 2023.

Table 2: Visitor Numbers to National Park X (in thousands)

Year	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Visitors	120	135	40	60	110	145

6. Study Table 2.
(a) Describe the trend in visitor numbers from 2018 to 2023. [3]
(b) Suggest one reason for the sharp drop in visitor numbers in 2020. [1]

7. Study Figure 2 (Pie Chart).
(a) If 30% of visitors came for 'Hiking', 20% for 'Wildlife Watching', 15% for 'Camping', and 35% for 'Other', calculate the angle required to represent 'Hiking' on the pie chart. Show your working. [2]
(b) Plot the 'Hiking' sector on the provided blank circle in Figure 2. [2]

Section C: Fieldwork and Data Presentation

Answer all questions in this section.

A group of students conducted fieldwork to investigate the change in beach profile from the high tide mark to the low tide mark. They used a clinometer and ranging poles to measure the slope angle at 5-metre intervals.

8. The students decided to use a systematic sampling method.
(a) Define systematic sampling. [1]
(b) Give one advantage of using systematic sampling for this investigation. [1]

9. Study Figure 3, which shows the equipment used.
(a) Name the instrument used to measure the slope angle. [1]
(b) Describe how the students would use this instrument to measure the slope angle between two ranging poles. [3]

10. The students recorded the following data for Site A:

Interval 1 (0-5m): 2°
Interval 2 (5-10m): 5°
Interval 3 (10-15m): 8°
Interval 4 (15-20m): 4°
Interval 5 (20-25m): 2°

(a) Plot this data on the provided graph paper to show the beach profile. [3]
(b) Describe the shape of the beach profile based on your plot. [2]

11. The students also collected sediment samples at each interval.
(a) Describe how the students could measure the size of the sediment particles. [2]
(b) Suggest how the size of sediment might change from the high tide mark to the low tide mark and explain why. [3]

Section D: Synthesis and Evaluation

Answer all questions in this section.

Study Figure 4, which shows a choropleth map of population density in a coastal region, and Figure 5, which shows the location of flood risks.

12. Study Figure 4.
(a) Describe the distribution of population density shown in the map. [3]
(b) Identify one area with low population density and suggest one physical reason for this. [2]

13. Study Figure 5.
(a) Identify the area most at risk of coastal flooding. [1]
(b) Explain why this area is at high risk, referring to both physical and human factors. [4]

14. "Data presentation techniques such as choropleth maps are more useful than bar charts for geographical investigations."
To what extent do you agree with this statement? Use examples from your fieldwork or studies to support your answer. [6]

[END OF PAPER]

Answers

TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography Secondary 4

Answer Key and Marking Scheme Version 2

Section A: Map and Photograph Interpretation

1. Map Extract 1 Analysis

(a) Grid Reference: [1 mark]
- Correct 4-figure or 6-figure grid reference for the lighthouse (e.g., 1205 or 123052 depending on map precision). Accept correct reading.
(b) Distance: [1 mark]
- Correct measurement based on map scale (e.g., 3.5 km). Allow ±0.1 km tolerance.
(c) Settlement Pattern: [2 marks]
- 1 mark for identifying the pattern (e.g., linear, nucleated, dispersed).
- 1 mark for evidence/description (e.g., "settlements are arranged in a line along the road/coast").

2. Photograph A Analysis

(a) Landform Identification: [1 mark]
- Correct identification (e.g., Stack, Arch, Stump, or Headland depending on photo). Assume Stack for this key.
(b) Visible Features: [2 marks]
- 1 mark per feature described with evidence (e.g., "It is isolated from the mainland," "It has vertical cliffs," "There is a wave-cut notch at the base").
(c) Formation Explanation: [4 marks]
- 1 mark for identifying initial weakness (crack/fault).
- 1 mark for process (hydraulic action/abrasion enlarges crack to cave).
- 1 mark for cave breaking through to form arch.
- 1 mark for arch collapse leaving stack. Must mention erosional processes.

3. Suitability for Tourist Resort

[3 marks]
- 1 mark per valid reason with map reference:
  - Example 1: Scenic beauty/coastal view (reference to coast/beach).
  - Example 2: Accessibility (reference to road network).
  - Example 3: Flat land available for construction (reference to contour lines being widely spaced).
  - Example 4: Proximity to attractions (e.g., lighthouse, park).

Section B: Graph and Data Analysis

4. Climate Graph Completion

(a) Plotting: [1 mark]
- Bar for July drawn accurately to 110mm scale.
(b) Annual Range: [2 marks]
- 1 mark for working: Highest Temp (28°C) - Lowest Temp (26°C).
- 1 mark for correct answer: 2°C.
(c) Total Annual Rainfall: [1 mark]
- Correct sum: 2260 mm.

5. Climate Type and Explanation

(a) Climate Type: [1 mark]
- Tropical Rainforest / Equatorial Climate.
(b) High Temperatures: [2 marks]
- 1 mark for location near equator/low latitude.
- 1 mark for high angle of sun/concentrated solar radiation year-round.
(c) Rainfall Decrease: [3 marks]
- 1 mark for mention of monsoon shift or ITCZ movement.
- 1 mark for explanation that the area moves slightly away from the convergence zone.
- 1 mark for resulting reduction in convectional rainfall.

6. Visitor Trends

(a) Trend Description: [3 marks]
- 1 mark for increase from 2018-2019.
- 1 mark for sharp decrease in 2020.
- 1 mark for recovery/increase from 2021-2023, exceeding 2019 levels.
(b) Reason for Drop: [1 mark]
- Pandemic / COVID-19 restrictions / Travel bans.

7. Pie Chart Calculation and Plotting

(a) Angle Calculation: [2 marks]
- 1 mark for working: $30/100 \times 360$ or $0.3 \times 360$ .
- 1 mark for correct answer: 108°.
(b) Plotting: [2 marks]
- 1 mark for accurate angle measurement.
- 1 mark for clear labeling/shading.

Section C: Fieldwork and Data Presentation

8. Sampling Method

(a) Definition: [1 mark]
- Sampling at regular intervals (e.g., every 5 metres).
(b) Advantage: [1 mark]
- Unbiased / Covers the whole transect systematically / Easy to replicate.

9. Equipment and Method

(a) Instrument: [1 mark]
- Clinometer.
(b) Method: [3 marks]
- 1 mark for placing ranging poles at fixed intervals.
- 1 mark for sighting through clinometer from one pole to the other (at eye height).
- 1 mark for reading the angle on the scale.

10. Beach Profile

(a) Plotting: [3 marks]
- 1 mark for correct axes labels (Distance vs Angle/Height).
- 1 mark for accurate plotting of points.
- 1 mark for joining points to show profile shape.
(b) Shape Description: [2 marks]
- 1 mark for identifying convex/concave/irregular shape.
- 1 mark for detail (e.g., "Steepest in the middle section at 8°").

11. Sediment Analysis

(a) Measurement: [2 marks]
- 1 mark for using a ruler/caliper.
- 1 mark for measuring the long axis (or using a sieve).
(b) Change and Explanation: [3 marks]
- 1 mark for trend (e.g., sediment gets smaller/finer towards low tide).
- 1 mark for process (attrition/abrasion during transport).
- 1 mark for explanation (waves move sediment, causing collisions that break particles down). Note: If students argue larger sediment at low tide due to high energy, accept with valid reasoning.

Section D: Synthesis and Evaluation

12. Population Density

(a) Distribution: [3 marks]
- 1 mark for identifying high density areas (e.g., coastal/north).
- 1 mark for identifying low density areas (e.g., inland/south).
- 1 mark for describing the pattern (e.g., "Density decreases as you move inland").
(b) Low Density Reason: [2 marks]
- 1 mark for identifying area.
- 1 mark for physical reason (e.g., steep slopes, swampy land, lack of water).

13. Flood Risk

(a) Identification: [1 mark]
- Correct area identified from map (e.g., low-lying coastal zone).
(b) Explanation: [4 marks]
- 2 marks for physical factors (e.g., low elevation, proximity to sea, soft geology).
- 2 marks for human factors (e.g., high population density, urbanization reducing infiltration, lack of sea defenses).

14. Evaluation of Data Presentation

[6 marks]
- Level 1 (1-2 marks): Simple statement of agreement/disagreement with limited reasoning.
- Level 2 (3-4 marks): Balanced argument. Explains advantages of choropleth maps (shows spatial patterns) and bar charts (easy to compare exact values). Limited examples.
- Level 3 (5-6 marks): Detailed evaluation.
  - Choropleth advantages: Shows geographical distribution/patterns clearly; good for continuous data.
  - Choropleth limitations: Hides variations within classes; depends on class boundaries.
  - Bar chart advantages: Precise comparison of categories; easy to read exact values.
  - Bar chart limitations: Does not show spatial location/pattern.
  - Conclusion: "It depends on the data type. Choropleth is better for spatial analysis, while bar charts are better for categorical comparison. Both are useful in different contexts."