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Secondary 4 Geography Preliminary Examination Paper 1

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TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography Secondary 4

TuitionGoWhere Exam Practice (AI)
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION PAPER 1 (VERSION 1)

Subject: Geography
Level: Secondary 4
Paper: Map, Graph & Data Skills Practice
Duration: 1 Hour 15 Minutes
Total Marks: 50

Name: ________________________
Class: ________________________
Date: ________________________

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, class, and date on the spaces provided above.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
You may use a calculator, ruler, and protractor.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn clearly.

SECTION A: Map and Photograph Interpretation

(Answer all questions in this section)

Question 1
Study Fig. 1 (Insert), which shows an extract of a topographical map of a coastal area in Southeast Asia at a scale of 1:25,000.

(a) Calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres between the lighthouse at Grid Reference (GR) 4521 and the hotel at GR 4824. Show your working. [2]

(b) Describe the relief of the land found in Grid Square 4622. [2]

(c) With reference to Fig. 1, explain why the settlement at Grid Square 4723 is likely to be prone to flooding during the monsoon season. [3]

Question 2
Study Photograph A (Insert), which shows a coastal management scheme in a developed country.

(a) Identify the type of hard engineering strategy shown in Photograph A. [1]

(b) Describe two visible features of this structure. [2]

(c) Explain one potential negative environmental impact of constructing this type of structure on the adjacent coastline. [3]

Question 3
Study Fig. 2 (Insert), which is a sketch map of a tourist destination region.

(a) Identify the zone labelled 'X' on the map. [1]

(b) Suggest two reasons why hotels are clustered in Zone Y rather than Zone Z. [2]

(c) Using evidence from Fig. 2, explain how the layout of the transport network supports the tourism industry in this region. [3]

SECTION B: Graph Construction and Data Representation

(Answer all questions in this section)

Question 4
Table 1 shows the percentage contribution of different sectors to the GDP of Country A in 2023.

Sector	Percentage (%)
Agriculture	5%
Industry	35%
Services	60%

(a) Calculate the angle required to represent the 'Services' sector on a pie chart. Show your working. [1]

(b) On the grid provided in Fig. 3 (Insert), construct a pie chart to represent the data in Table 1. Ensure you include a title and a key. [4]

Question 5
Table 2 shows the monthly rainfall data for Station B.

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Rainfall (mm)	240	210	180	150	120	100	90	110	140	190	230	250

(a) Calculate the mean monthly rainfall for Station B. Show your working. [2]

(b) Describe the seasonal distribution of rainfall in Station B. [2]

Question 6
A student conducted a fieldwork investigation on river velocity at three different sites. The results are shown in Table 3.

Site	Distance from Source (km)	Mean Velocity (m/s)
1	2	0.5
2	10	1.2
3	25	2.1

(a) Describe the relationship between distance from the source and river velocity shown in Table 3. [1]

(b) Suggest one appropriate graph type to display this data and give a reason for your choice. [2]

SECTION C: Statistical Analysis and Fieldwork Methods

(Answer all questions in this section)

Question 7
Study Fig. 5 (Insert), which shows a scatter graph plotting the number of tourists against the amount of litter collected in a national park over 10 weeks.

(a) Describe the correlation shown in Fig. 5. [1]

(b) Draw a line of best fit on Fig. 5. [1]

Question 8
A geography class is planning an investigation into the impact of tourism on local residents. They plan to use a questionnaire.

(a) State one advantage of using a questionnaire for this investigation. [1]

(b) Explain why a stratified sampling method might be more appropriate than random sampling for this survey. [3]

(c) The students drafted the following question: "Don't you think tourism is ruining our neighbourhood?"
Critique this question and suggest an improved version. [3]

Question 9
Study Table 4, which shows the results of a bipolar survey on environmental quality in two zones of a city.

Factor	Zone A (City Centre)	Zone B (Suburbs)
Noise	+4	-2
Air Quality	-3	+3
Green Space	-4	+4
Traffic Congestion	+5	-1

(Scale: -5 Very Negative to +5 Very Positive)

(a) Which zone has the highest overall environmental quality based on the data? Justify your answer with calculations. [3]

(b) Explain one reason why noise levels might be rated positively in Zone A. [2]

Question 10
Study Fig. 6 (Insert), which shows a cross-section of a beach profile measured at two different times of the year.

(a) Identify which profile (A or B) represents the beach in winter. [1]

(b) Explain the processes that lead to the formation of the winter beach profile. [4]

End of Paper

Answers

TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography Secondary 4

Answer Key and Marking Scheme (Version 1)

Subject: Geography
Level: Secondary 4
Topic: Map, Graph & Data Skills

SECTION A: Map and Photograph Interpretation

Question 1
(a) Calculate distance [2]

Measurement: Distance on map should be approx 3.8 cm - 4.0 cm (depending on print scale).
Conversion: $4.0 \text{ cm} \times 25,000 = 100,000 \text{ cm}$ .
Final Answer: $100,000 \text{ cm} = 1 \text{ km}$ $100, 000 cm = 1 km$ .
- Marking: 1 mark for correct measurement/calculation setup, 1 mark for correct final answer in km.
- Note: Allow tolerance of $\pm 0.2$ km.

(b) Describe relief [2]

Answer: The land is steep/hilly. Contour lines are close together. Elevation rises from below 20m to over 60m.
- Marking: 1 mark for describing steepness/contour spacing, 1 mark for referencing specific heights or landform type (hill/spur).

(c) Explain flooding risk [3]

Answer:
1. The settlement is located on low-lying land (contours show <10m elevation). [1]
2. It is situated near a river mouth/coastline, making it susceptible to high tides or storm surges. [1]
3. The presence of marshland/swamp nearby indicates poor drainage, leading to water accumulation during heavy monsoon rains. [1]

Question 2
(a) Identify strategy [1]

Answer: Sea wall.

(b) Describe features [2]

Answer:
1. It is a curved/concave face designed to reflect wave energy.
2. It is made of concrete/stone and is a solid, vertical structure.
- Marking: 1 mark per valid observable feature.

(c) Explain negative impact [3]

Answer:
1. Sea walls reflect wave energy rather than absorbing it. [1]
2. This increases erosion at the base of the wall (scouring) or in adjacent areas where the reflected waves hit. [1]
3. This can lead to the loss of the beach in front of the wall or erosion of neighbouring unprotected coastlines. [1]

Question 3
(a) Identify Zone X [1]

Answer: Recreational Zone / National Park Core / Protected Area. (Accept reasonable interpretation based on map symbols, e.g., "Forest Reserve").

(b) Reasons for hotel cluster [2]

Answer:
1. Zone Y is closer to transport links (airport/highway) shown on the map, ensuring accessibility for tourists. [1]
2. Zone Z may be designated as a protected natural area where construction is restricted, or it is too far from amenities. [1]

(c) Transport network support [3]

Answer:
1. The map shows a highway/main road connecting the airport to the hotel zone, facilitating easy arrival. [1]
2. There are secondary roads linking hotels to tourist attractions (e.g., beach, park), allowing dispersal of visitors. [1]
3. The network avoids the core protected area (Zone X), minimizing environmental damage while maintaining access. [1]

SECTION B: Graph Construction and Data Representation

Question 4
(a) Calculate angle [1]

Working: $60\% \times 360^\circ = 216^\circ$ .
Answer: $216^\circ$ .

(b) Construct Pie Chart [4]

Marking:
- 1 mark for correct angles: Agriculture ( $18^\circ$ ), Industry ( $126^\circ$ ), Services ( $216^\circ$ ).
- 1 mark for accurate plotting (within $\pm 2^\circ$ tolerance).
- 1 mark for clear labels/segments.
- 1 mark for Title ("GDP Contribution by Sector, Country A 2023") and Key.

Question 5
(a) Calculate mean [2]

Working: Sum of rainfall = $240+210+180+150+120+100+90+110+140+190+230+250 = 1910 \text{ mm}$ .
$1910 / 12 = 159.16 \text{ mm}$ .
Answer: $159.2 \text{ mm}$ $159.2 mm$ (1 d.p.).
- Marking: 1 mark for correct sum, 1 mark for correct division/answer.

(b) Describe distribution [2]

Answer: Rainfall is seasonal. It is higher in the first and last quarters of the year (Jan-Mar, Nov-Dec) and lower in the middle of the year (Jun-Aug).
- Marking: 1 mark for identifying seasonality, 1 mark for specifying wet/dry periods.

(c) Plot Line Graph [3]

Marking:
- 1 mark for correct axis labels (Month vs Rainfall mm) and scale.
- 1 mark for accurate plotting of all 12 points.
- 1 mark for joining points with straight lines (or smooth curve if appropriate, but straight lines standard for monthly data in this context).

Question 6
(a) Describe relationship [1]

Answer: Positive correlation. As distance from source increases, velocity increases.

(b) Graph type and reason [2]

Answer: Line graph or Scatter graph. [1]
- Reason: Both variables (distance and velocity) are continuous numerical data, and we want to show the trend/change over distance. [1]

(c) Limitation of float method [2]

Answer:
1. Wind can affect the float's speed, leading to inaccurate readings. [1]
2. It measures surface velocity only, which is faster than the average velocity of the whole river column. [1]

SECTION C: Statistical Analysis and Fieldwork Methods

Question 7
(a) Describe correlation [1]

Answer: Strong positive correlation.

(b) Line of best fit [1]

Marking: Line drawn through the center of the data points, balancing points above and below.

(c) Correlation vs Causation [2]

Answer:
1. While more tourists coincide with more litter, other factors (e.g., reduced cleaning staff, seasonal events) could cause the litter increase. [1]
2. The graph shows association, not proof that tourists directly caused the litter without further evidence. [1]

Question 8
(a) Advantage of questionnaire [1]

Answer: Allows for the collection of quantitative data from a large sample size quickly / Can gather subjective opinions/attitudes that secondary data cannot provide.

(b) Stratified vs Random [3]

Answer:
1. Stratified sampling ensures that specific sub-groups (e.g., age groups, residents vs. business owners) are represented proportionally. [1]
2. Random sampling might accidentally miss out on minority groups (e.g., elderly residents) who are significantly affected by tourism. [1]
3. This makes the data more representative and reduces bias in the findings. [1]

(c) Critique and Improve [3]

Critique: The question is biased/leading ("Don't you think...") and assumes a negative view. It is also a closed yes/no question which limits detail. [1]
Improvement: "How has tourism impacted your neighbourhood?" with a Likert scale (Very Positive to Very Negative) OR "Please list one positive and one negative impact of tourism on your area." [2]

Question 9
(a) Highest quality zone [3]

Working:
- Zone A Score: $4 + (-3) + (-4) + 5 = +2$ .
- Zone B Score: $(-2) + 3 + 4 + (-1) = +4$ .
Answer: Zone B has the higher score (+4 vs +2), indicating better overall environmental quality.
- Marking: 1 mark for Zone A calc, 1 mark for Zone B calc, 1 mark for correct conclusion.

(b) Reason for positive noise rating [2]

Answer:
1. In a city centre, noise may be associated with vibrancy, economic activity, and accessibility to services/entertainment. [1]
2. Residents may perceive the "buzz" of the city as a positive attribute of urban living compared to isolation. [1]
- Note: Accept answers relating to perception of safety (people around) or convenience.

Question 10
(a) Identify winter profile [1]

Answer: Profile A (Assuming Profile A is steeper/flatter depending on standard diagrams: Correction: Winter profiles are typically flatter and wider due to destructive waves removing sediment from the beach face to the offshore bar. Summer profiles are steeper due to constructive waves depositing sediment.
- Check Fig 6 Context: If Fig 6 shows a steep berm, it is Summer. If it shows a flat profile with an offshore bar, it is Winter.
- Standard Answer: The profile with the offshore bar and flatter beach face is Winter.

(b) Explain winter profile formation [4]

Answer:
1. Winter conditions feature strong winds and storms, generating destructive waves. [1]
2. Destructive waves have a strong backwash and weak swash. [1]
3. The strong backwash pulls sediment (sand/shingle) down the beach face and deposits it offshore. [1]
4. This creates an offshore bar and leaves the beach profile flatter and wider. [1]