Secondary 4 Combined Science Biology Cells Biomolecules Quiz

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Secondary 4 Combined Science Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules

Name: ____________________
Class: ____________________
Date: ____________________
Score: ________ / 55

Duration: 60 Minutes
Total Marks: 55

Instructions:

• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Use scientific terminology where appropriate.
• For structured questions, ensure your explanations link structure to function.

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Section A: Cell Structure and Specialisation (Questions 1–7)

1. State the name of the organelle responsible for the synthesis of proteins within a cell. [1]

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2. A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Identify the type of cell observed. [1]

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3. Compare the number of mitochondria found in a cardiac muscle cell versus a skin epithelial cell. Suggest a reason for this difference. [2]

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4. Name the structure that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. [1]

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5. (a) State the function of the nucleus. [1]

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   (b) Explain why a mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. [2]

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6. Describe the role of the cell membrane in maintaining the internal environment of a cell. [2]

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7. Table 1 shows the average number of ribosomes in three different cell types.

   Cell Type	Average Ribosomes per $100\mu m^3$
   Pancreatic cell	1200
   Fat cell	150
   Nerve cell	600
   Explain why the pancreatic cell has a significantly higher number of ribosomes. [3]

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Section B: Movement of Substances (Questions 8–15)

8. Define the term diffusion. [2]

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9. State the process by which oxygen from the alveoli in the lungs reaches the bloodstream. [1]

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10. (a) Define osmosis. [2]

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    (b) In which direction will water move if a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution? [1]

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11. A potato cylinder was placed in a concentrated sucrose solution for two hours. (a) Describe the change in the texture and length of the potato cylinder. [2]

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    (b) Explain the change observed in (a) using the concept of water potential. [3]

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12. Distinguish between passive transport and active transport in terms of energy requirement and concentration gradients. [3]

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13. Name the process used by root hair cells to take up mineral ions from the soil when the concentration of ions in the soil is lower than inside the cell. [1]

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14. Explain why a cell membrane is described as being "selectively permeable". [2]

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15. A student placed a red blood cell in distilled water. (a) Predict what will happen to the cell. [1]

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    (b) Explain why this happens and why the cell does not simply become turgid. [3]

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Section C: Biomolecules and Integrated Processes (Questions 16–20)

16. Name the biological molecule that serves as the primary source of immediate energy for cellular processes. [1]

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17. State the monomer (building block) of a protein. [1]

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18. Describe the process by which a molecule of glucose in the blood reaches a mitochondrion inside a muscle cell. [4]

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19. Explain the relationship between the structure of a phospholipid bilayer and its ability to regulate the movement of polar molecules. [3]

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20. A cell is unable to produce ATP due to a metabolic poison. Explain how this would affect the movement of glucose into the cell if the glucose concentration is higher outside the cell than inside. [2]

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Answer Key - Secondary 4 Combined Science Biology Quiz (Cells Biomolecules)

Qn	Answer	Marks	Marking Notes
1	Ribosomes	1	Accept "Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum" if specified as the site of transport/synthesis.
2	Plant cell	1	Must identify as plant cell.
3	Cardiac muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells. Cardiac cells require more energy (ATP) for continuous contraction/beating of the heart.	2	1m for comparison, 1m for link to energy demand.
4	Cell membrane / Plasma membrane	1	Correct term required.
5a	Contains genetic information (DNA) / Controls cell activities.	1	Either point accepted.
5b	To provide more space for haemoglobin / To maximize the amount of oxygen transported.	2	1m for "more space", 1m for "oxygen transport".
6	It regulates the entry and exit of substances, allowing the cell to maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis).	2	1m for regulation, 1m for internal environment/homeostasis.
7	Pancreatic cells secrete digestive enzymes, which are proteins. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis; therefore, more ribosomes are needed to produce large quantities of enzymes.	3	1m for enzyme/protein link, 1m for ribosome function, 1m for quantity/secretion.
8	The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.	2	1m for "net movement", 1m for "high to low concentration".
9	Diffusion	1	Must be diffusion.
10a	The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane.	2	1m for water potential gradient, 1m for partially permeable membrane.
10b	Out of the cell	1	Correct direction.
11a	Texture becomes limp/soft; length decreases.	2	1m for texture, 1m for length.
11b	The sucrose solution has a lower water potential than the cell sap. Water moves out of the vacuole by osmosis from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential.	3	1m for water potential comparison, 1m for osmosis, 1m for direction (out of cell).
12	Passive transport: No energy required, moves down concentration gradient. Active transport: Requires energy (ATP), moves against concentration gradient.	3	1m for energy diff, 1m for gradient diff, 1m for correct pairing.
13	Active transport	1	Must be active transport.
14	It allows certain substances (like small non-polar molecules) to pass through while blocking others (like large polar molecules/ions).	2	1m for "allows some", 1m for "blocks others".
15a	The cell will burst (lyse).	1	Correct prediction.
15b	Distilled water has a higher water potential than the cell sap. Water enters the cell by osmosis. Since the animal cell lacks a cell wall, it cannot withstand the internal pressure and bursts.	3	1m for water potential/osmosis, 1m for lack of cell wall, 1m for bursting.
16	Glucose	1	Correct molecule.
17	Amino acids	1	Correct monomer.
18	Glucose moves from blood into tissue fluid via diffusion $\rightarrow$ moves across the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion/active transport $\rightarrow$ enters the cytoplasm $\rightarrow$ enters the mitochondrion via the mitochondrial membrane.	4	1m for blood to tissue, 1m for membrane crossing, 1m for cytoplasm, 1m for mitochondrion entry.
19	The bilayer has hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads. Polar molecules cannot pass through the hydrophobic core and require transport proteins to cross.	3	1m for hydrophobic/hydrophilic structure, 1m for polar molecule restriction, 1m for need for proteins.
20	Glucose can still enter the cell via facilitated diffusion (passive), as it is moving down its concentration gradient and does not require ATP.	2	1m for "still enter", 1m for "facilitated diffusion/passive/down gradient".