Secondary 4 Combined Science Biology Preliminary Examination Paper 3

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Secondary 4 Combined Science Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules

Name: ____________________
Class: ____________________
Date: ____________________
Score: ________ / 45

Duration: 60 Minutes
Total Marks: 45

Instructions:

• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Use a black or blue pen.
• For diagram questions, ensure labels are clear.

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Section A: Short Answer & Recall (Questions 1–8)

1. State the process by which oxygen from the surroundings reaches a cell in the liver. [1]

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2. Identify the organelle responsible for the synthesis of proteins within a cell. [1]

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3. Name the process by which a cell moves substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration using energy. [1]

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4. State one structural difference between a plant cell and an animal cell. [1]

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5. Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because it produces ATP? [1]

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6. Define the term 'selectively permeable' in relation to the cell membrane. [2]

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7. State the primary function of the large central vacuole in a plant cell. [1]

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8. Name the molecule that provides the energy required for active transport. [1]

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Section B: Data & Diagram Interpretation (Questions 9–15)

Question 9 A table shows the average number of mitochondria found in three different types of human cells.

Cell Type	Average Number of Mitochondria
Skin Cell	200
Heart Muscle Cell	5,000
Red Blood Cell	0

(a) Explain why the heart muscle cell has a significantly higher number of mitochondria than the skin cell. [2]

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(b) Explain why the red blood cell contains no mitochondria. [2]

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10. A student places a piece of potato tissue in a highly concentrated salt solution. Describe what happens to the potato cells and name the process involved. [2]

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11. Describe the movement of water molecules during osmosis. [2]

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12. In a diagram of a cell, the nucleus is absent. Suggest one type of cell this could be and explain why it lacks a nucleus. [2]

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13. Compare the roles of diffusion and active transport in terms of energy requirement and concentration gradients. [3]

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14. A cell is observed to have a very high number of ribosomes. Suggest the primary function of this cell. [2]

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15. Explain how the structure of the cell membrane allows it to control the entry and exit of substances. [3]

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Section C: Structured & Extended Response (Questions 16–20)

16. Describe the process of diffusion and provide one example of how it occurs in the human body. [3]

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17. Explain why active transport is necessary for the uptake of mineral ions by root hair cells in plants. [3]

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18. Describe the relationship between the surface area to volume ratio of a cell and the efficiency of substance transport. [3]

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19. A molecule of oxygen enters the lungs and must reach a mitochondrion in a muscle cell. Describe the pathway and the processes involved in this journey. [6]

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20. Discuss the importance of the cell membrane being selectively permeable for the maintenance of homeostasis within a cell. [4]

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Answer Key - Secondary 4 Combined Science Biology Quiz (Cells Biomolecules)

1. Diffusion [1]

2. Ribosome [1]

3. Active Transport [1]

4. Plant cells have a cell wall / chloroplasts / large central vacuole; animal cells do not. [1]

5. Mitochondrion [1]

6. A membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through while blocking others [1], based on size or charge [1].

7. Stores cell sap / maintains turgidity of the cell [1].

8. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) [1].

9. (a) Heart muscle cells require more energy (ATP) for constant contraction [1], therefore they need more mitochondria to carry out aerobic respiration [1]. (b) Red blood cells need maximum space to carry haemoglobin/oxygen [1]; they do not perform aerobic respiration in a way that requires mitochondria (they use anaerobic pathways) [1].

10. The potato cells will shrink/become plasmolysed [1] due to osmosis (water moving out of the cell into the salt solution) [1].

11. Movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential [1] to a region of lower water potential through a selectively permeable membrane [1].

12. Red blood cell [1]. Lacks a nucleus to provide more space for haemoglobin to transport oxygen [1].

13. Diffusion is passive (no energy) [1] and moves substances down a concentration gradient [1]. Active transport requires energy (ATP) [1] and moves substances against a concentration gradient.

14. The cell is likely specialized for protein synthesis/secretion [1] (e.g., pancreatic cell secreting enzymes) [1].

15. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer [1] with embedded carrier and channel proteins [1] that specifically allow only certain molecules to pass through [1].

16. Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration [1] down a concentration gradient [1]. Example: Oxygen diffusing from alveoli into blood [1].

17. Mineral ion concentration in the soil is often lower than inside the root hair cell [1]. Therefore, ions must be moved against the concentration gradient [1], which requires energy via active transport [1].

18. A higher surface area to volume ratio [1] allows for a faster rate of diffusion/transport [1] relative to the volume of the cell, making the cell more efficient at exchanging materials [1].

19.

• Oxygen enters alveoli $\rightarrow$ diffuses across alveolar wall into blood [1].
• Binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells [1].
• Transported via pulmonary vein $\rightarrow$ heart $\rightarrow$ aorta $\rightarrow$ systemic arteries $\rightarrow$ capillaries [1].
• Diffuses from capillary into tissue fluid [1].
• Diffuses across the muscle cell membrane [1].
• Diffuses into the mitochondrion for aerobic respiration [1].

20. Selectively permeability ensures that essential nutrients (glucose, ions) enter the cell [1] and metabolic wastes (CO2, urea) leave the cell [1]. It prevents the loss of vital internal components [1] and prevents toxic substances from entering, maintaining a stable internal environment (homeostasis) [1].