Secondary 3 Physics Modern Physics Quiz

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Secondary 3 Physics Quiz - Modern Physics

Name: ________________________
Class: ________________________
Date: ________________________
Score: ________________________

Duration: 45 minutes
Total Marks: 40

Instructions:

• Answer all 20 questions.
• Section A: Multiple Choice (1 mark each)
• Section B: Short Answer (1–2 marks each)
• Section C: Structured Response (2–4 marks each)
• Show all working where calculation is required.
• Use $g = 10\ \text{m s}^{-2}$ if needed.

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Section A: Multiple Choice (Questions 1–5)

1. Which of the following best describes an atom of a radioactive nuclide?
A. An atom with equal numbers of protons and neutrons
B. An atom with an unstable nucleus that decays spontaneously
C. An atom that cannot undergo chemical reaction
D. An atom with no electrons

____ (1 mark)

2. A radioactive source emits radiation that is deflected upward by a magnetic field applied into the page. The radiation is most likely:
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. X-ray

____ (1 mark)

3. The half-life of a radioactive substance is 4 days. If the initial number of nuclei is 800, how many remain after 12 days?
A. 100
B. 200
C. 400
D. 50

____ (1 mark)

4. Which radiation has the greatest penetrating power?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. All equal

____ (1 mark)

5. In a cloud chamber, alpha particles leave thick short tracks because they:
A. Travel at speed of light
B. Are highly ionising and strongly interacting
C. Have no charge
D. Are unaffected by air

____ (1 mark)

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Section B: Short Answer (Questions 6–10)

6. State one property of gamma radiation.
________________________________________ (1 mark)

7. What is meant by "background radiation"?
________________________________________ (1 mark)

8. Name the radiation that consists of helium nuclei.
________________________________________ (1 mark)

9. A nucleus emits a beta particle. What change occurs in its proton number?
________________________________________ (1 mark)

10. State the unit used to measure radiation dose equivalent.
________________________________________ (1 mark)

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Section C: Structured Response (Questions 11–20)

11. A sample contains $1000$ nuclei of a radioactive isotope. After $15$ days, $125$ nuclei remain.
(a) How many half-lives have passed?
(b) Calculate the half-life of the isotope.

____ (2 marks)

12. Describe how alpha, beta, and gamma radiations are affected by an electric field. Use a diagram description if needed.

Generated diagram for Q12.

____ (3 marks)

13. A radioactive source has activity $200\ \text{s}^{-1}$ and decays with half-life $10\ \text{s}$. Calculate its activity after $30\ \text{s}$.

____ (2 marks)

14. Explain why gamma radiation is used for sterilising medical equipment.

____ (2 marks)

15. The table shows counts from a Geiger counter near a source.

Time (min)	Counts
0	800
2	400
4	200

(a) What is the half-life from the table?
(b) Why must background count be subtracted?

____ (2 marks)

16. A nucleus $_{88}^{226}\text{Ra}$ emits an alpha particle.
(a) Write the nuclear equation.
(b) Identify the daughter nucleus.

____ (3 marks)

17. Beta radiation can be stopped by a $5\ \text{mm}$ aluminium sheet but not by paper. Explain this in terms of penetration and ionising power.

____ (2 marks)

18. A sample initially has $640$ radioactive atoms. Sketch a decay graph shape and state the number remaining after 3 half-lives.

Generated graph for Q18.

____ (2 marks)

19. A worker receives a dose of $4\ \text{mSv}$ from gamma and $1\ \text{mSv}$ from beta.
(a) Calculate total equivalent dose.
(b) State one health effect of high dose.

____ (2 marks)

20. Compare alpha and gamma radiation for use in smoke detectors and cancer treatment. Give one reason each.

____ (4 marks)

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Secondary 3 Physics Quiz - Modern Physics (Answers)

Total Marks: 40

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Section A: Multiple Choice

1. B (1 mark)
Teaching note: A radioactive nuclide has an unstable nucleus that decays spontaneously emitting radiation. Not defined by proton-neutron equality.

2. B (1 mark)
Beta particles are electrons (negative charge); magnetic field into page deflects negative charge upward by Fleming's left-hand rule.

3. A (1 mark)
12 days ÷ 4 days = 3 half-lives. $800 \to 400 \to 200 \to 100$.

4. C (1 mark)
Gamma is electromagnetic wave, least ionising, most penetrating.

5. B (1 mark)
Alpha heavily ionises air, loses energy fast, short thick track.

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Section B: Short Answer

6. (1 mark)
Any one: no charge / no mass / electromagnetic wave / highly penetrating.

7. (1 mark)
Radiation present in environment from natural (rocks, cosmic) and artificial sources.

8. (1 mark)
Alpha radiation.

9. (1 mark)
Proton number increases by 1 (neutron → proton + electron).

10. (1 mark)
Sievert (Sv) or millisievert (mSv).

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Section C: Structured Response

11. (2 marks)
(a) $1000 \to 500 \to 250 \to 125$ = 3 half-lives. (1 mark)
(b) $15 \div 3 = 5$ days. (1 mark)

12. (3 marks)
Alpha (positive) deflects toward negative plate (left). (1)
Beta (negative) deflects toward positive plate (right), larger curvature. (1)
Gamma (neutral) undeflected. (1)

13. (2 marks)
$30\ \text{s} = 3$ half-lives.
$A = 200 \times (1/2)^3 = 200 \div 8 = 25\ \text{s}^{-1}$. (2 marks)

14. (2 marks)
Gamma penetrates packaging (1), kills microbes without heating/chemical residue (1).

15. (2 marks)
(a) Half-life = 2 min (800→400). (1)
(b) Background count adds false source counts; subtract for true activity. (1)

16. (3 marks)
(a) $_{88}^{226}\text{Ra} \to\ _{86}^{222}\text{Rn} +\ _{2}^{4}\alpha$ (2)
(b) Radon-222. (1)

17. (2 marks)
Beta moderately ionising, stopped by aluminium (1); paper stops only alpha, less penetrating (1).

18. (2 marks)
Graph exponential decrease (1). After 3 hl: $640 \div 8 = 80$ atoms (1).

19. (2 marks)
(a) $4 + 1 = 5\ \text{mSv}$ (1)
(b) e.g. cell damage / cancer risk (1)

20. (4 marks)
Smoke detector: alpha (1) – ionises air, safe short range (1).
Cancer treatment: gamma (1) – penetrates deep to kill cells (1).