Secondary 3 Geography Fieldwork Quiz

Secondary 3 Geography Quiz - Fieldwork (Answer Key)

Total Marks: 50

Section A: Research Design and Hypotheses

1. Aim

• Answer: To investigate the social/economic/environmental impacts of tourism on [Named Site].
• Marking: [1] for a clear, investigable aim linked to tourism/fieldwork.

2. Hypothesis

• Answer: Example: "Noise levels increase as proximity to the tourist hotspot decreases." OR "Local residents perceive tourism as having a negative impact on traffic congestion."
• Marking: [2] for a testable statement linking two variables (IV and DV). [1] if vague.

3. Primary vs Secondary Data

• Answer: Primary data is data collected firsthand by the student for the specific purpose of the investigation (e.g., surveys, counts). Secondary data is existing data collected by others for different purposes (e.g., census data, past reports).
• Marking: [1] for correct definition of primary, [1] for secondary.

4. Likert Scale Advantage

• Answer: It allows for the measurement of the intensity or strength of an opinion/attitude, rather than just a binary yes/no. It provides more nuanced quantitative data for analysis.
• Marking: [2] for explaining nuance/intensity. [1] for stating it gives more detail.

5. Pilot Study Reasons

• Answer:
  (a) To test the clarity of questions/instructions and identify ambiguous wording.
  (b) To estimate the time required for data collection or to test equipment functionality.
• Marking: [1] for each valid reason.

Section B: Sampling and Data Collection

6. Systematic Sampling Application

• Answer: Selecting participants at regular intervals (e.g., every 10th person passing a point) or at regular time intervals (e.g., every 15 minutes).
• Marking: [2] for describing the regular interval method.

7. Stratified Sampling Justification

• Answer: The population is divided into distinct subgroups (strata) based on housing type. This ensures that both HDB and condo residents are represented proportionally, whereas random sampling might accidentally miss one group if their numbers are small.
• Marking: [1] for identifying subgroups, [1] for proportional representation, [1] for contrasting with random risk.

8. Convenience Sampling Bias

• Answer: It only captures people who are present at that specific location and time, excluding those who do not visit the mall or visit at different times (e.g., working adults during the day). This leads to an unrepresentative sample.
• Marking: [2] for identifying exclusion of certain groups/unrepresentativeness.

9. Noise Level Instrument and Precaution

• Instrument: Decibel meter (or Sound Level Meter).
• Precaution: Ensure the meter is held at a consistent height/distance from the source, or avoid wind interference/noise from the student themselves.
• Marking: [1] for instrument, [2] for a valid precaution.

10. Pedestrian Count Reliability

• Answer: A 5-minute count may not capture fluctuations in pedestrian flow (e.g., a bus arriving just after the count ends). It is a small sample of time and may not be representative of the whole hour.
• Marking: [2] for explaining temporal variation/unrepresentativeness.

Section C: Data Processing and Presentation

11. Measure Affected by Outliers

• Answer: Mean.
• Marking: [1].

12. Median for Income Data

• Answer: Income data often has extreme outliers (very high incomes). The mean would be skewed upwards by these few high values, while the median represents the 'middle' person and is not affected by extremes, giving a more typical value.
• Marking: [1] for mentioning outliers/skew, [1] for median being robust/typical.

13. Graph for Relationship

• Answer: Scatter graph (or Scatter plot).
• Marking: [1].

14. Bar Chart Error for Percentages

• Error: Bar charts do not visually show the parts making up a whole (100%).
• Better Alternative: Pie chart (or divided bar chart).
• Marking: [1] for error, [2] for correct alternative and justification.

15. Proportional Symbols Advantage

• Answer: The size of the symbol corresponds to the magnitude of the data, allowing for easy visual comparison of quantities between locations, whereas dot maps only show distribution/density.
• Marking: [2] for linking size to magnitude/comparison.

Section D: Analysis, Evaluation, and Safety

16. Reason for Weak Correlation

• Answer: Human behaviour is complex and influenced by many intervening variables (e.g., personal choice, weather, economic status) that are not controlled in the fieldwork.
• Marking: [2] for mentioning multiple factors/complexity of human geography.

17. Questionnaire vs Observation Reliability

• Answer: Questionnaires rely on self-reported data which may be subjective or dishonest (low reliability). Direct observation records actual behaviour/events objectively (higher reliability), though it may miss underlying reasons.
• Marking: [1] for questionnaire subjectivity, [1] for observation objectivity, [1] for comparative judgment.

18. River Fieldwork Safety

• Answer:
  Hazard 1: Slipping on wet rocks/mud. Precaution: Wear sturdy boots with good grip.
  Hazard 2: Drowning/Deep water. Precaution: Wear life jackets or do not enter water above knee depth.
  (Other valid pairs: Weather/Hypothermia -> Warm clothes; Debris/Cuts -> Gloves)
• Marking: [1] for each hazard, [1] for each matching precaution. Total [4].

19. Critique of Conclusion

• Sample Size Flaw: 10 residents is too small a sample to be statistically significant or representative of the whole community.
• Generalization Flaw: The views of 10 people cannot be generalized to all residents or all tourist sites; it lacks external validity.
• Marking: [2] for sample size critique, [2] for generalization critique.

20. Triangulation

• Answer: Compare primary data (e.g., traffic count) with secondary data (e.g., official traffic statistics) OR use two different primary methods (e.g., traffic count + pedestrian survey) to cross-verify findings.
• Marking: [2] for describing the use of multiple data sources/methods to verify.