Secondary 3 Geography Fieldwork Quiz

Answer Key - Secondary 3 Geography Quiz: Fieldwork

Marking Guidance:

• indicates the marks allocated for that specific point.
• For explanation questions, marks are awarded for the point and the supporting elaboration.

Section A: Research Design and Planning

1. Definition of Hypothesis: A testable statement or a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables [2].

2. Research Question: (Accept any logically sound question) e.g., "Does the price of a chicken rice bowl increase as the distance from the MRT station decreases?" [2].

3. Primary vs Secondary Data:

   • Primary: Data collected first-hand by the researcher (e.g., questionnaire, interview) [2].
   • Secondary: Data collected by someone else/existing sources (e.g., government census, news reports) [2].

4. Reconnaissance Survey: To identify potential hazards [1], check the accessibility of the site [1], and refine the sampling points or research tools [1].

5. Hazards and Measures:

   • Hazard 1: Traffic/Road accidents $\rightarrow$ Measure: Wear high-visibility vests/use pedestrian crossings [2].
   • Hazard 2: Uncooperative/Aggressive respondents $\rightarrow$ Measure: Work in pairs/stay in public areas [2].

6. Sampling Method: Systematic Sampling [1]. Chosen because it is more organized than random sampling and ensures an even spread of respondents over the time period [2].

7. Random vs Stratified:

   • Random: Every member of the population has an equal chance of selection [1].
   • Stratified: Population is divided into subgroups (strata) and samples are taken from each [1].
   • Scenario: When the population is diverse (e.g., different age groups) and the researcher wants to ensure each group is represented proportionally [2].

Section B: Data Collection Methods

8. Mental Map: A person's internal representation of a place based on their perceptions and experiences [2]. It shows what they value or find important, revealing their sense of place [1].

9. Questionnaires:

   • Advantages: Can collect a large amount of data quickly [1]; easy to quantify/analyze [1].
   • Disadvantage: Respondents may give dishonest answers or skip questions [1].

10. Leading Questions: They nudge the respondent toward a specific answer [1], which introduces bias and makes the data inaccurate [1].

11. Land-use Mapping: Using a base map of the area [1], the researcher walks through the site and colors/codes different areas based on their function (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial) [2].

12. Data Type: Quantitative [1]. Justification: It involves counting numbers (tallying) that can be measured and expressed numerically [2].

13. Transect: A straight line drawn across a study area [1]. Data is collected at regular intervals along this line to observe how a variable changes spatially [2].

14. Sample Size: To ensure the data is representative of the whole population [1] and to reduce the impact of anomalies/outliers [1].

Section C: Data Processing, Analysis, and Presentation

15. Mean: The average of a data set [1]. Calculated by adding all the values together and dividing by the total number of values [1].

16. Relationship: Negative correlation (or inverse relationship) [2].

17. Presentation Methods: a) Pie chart / Bar chart [1] b) Line graph [1] c) Choropleth map / Dot map [1]

18. Reliability: Repeating the data collection at different times of the day/week [1] or using multiple researchers to collect the same data to check for consistency [2].

19. Key/Legend: It explains what the symbols, colors, or patterns on the map represent [1], allowing the reader to interpret the data correctly [1].

20. Research Ethics: No [1]. Changing data is academic dishonesty/fraud [1]. In geography, a rejected hypothesis is still a valid result [1] as it provides a real-world finding that can be analyzed and explained [1].