Secondary 3 Biology Ecology Quiz

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Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Ecology

Name: ____________________ Class: __________ Date: __________ Score: ________ / 50

Duration: 60 Minutes
Total Marks: 50
Instructions: Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

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Section A: Multiple Choice (1-5)

Circle the most appropriate option. [1 mark each]

1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of energy flow in a food chain? A) Producer $\rightarrow$ Primary Consumer $\rightarrow$ Secondary Consumer $\rightarrow$ Tertiary Consumer B) Tertiary Consumer $\rightarrow$ Secondary Consumer $\rightarrow$ Primary Consumer $\rightarrow$ Producer C) Producer $\rightarrow$ Decomposer $\rightarrow$ Primary Consumer $\rightarrow$ Secondary Consumer D) Primary Consumer $\rightarrow$ Producer $\rightarrow$ Secondary Consumer $\rightarrow$ Tertiary Consumer

2. In a pyramid of biomass, why is the base always the widest part in a terrestrial ecosystem? A) Producers have the longest lifespan. B) Producers contain the most stored energy to support higher trophic levels. C) Producers are the largest individual organisms in the ecosystem. D) Energy is created by producers from the soil.

3. Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? A) Combustion of fossil fuels B) Animal respiration C) Photosynthesis by green plants D) Decomposition of organic matter

4. What is the primary cause of the "greenhouse effect" leading to global warming? A) The depletion of the ozone layer B) Increased concentration of $\text{CO}_2$ and methane trapping heat C) Excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilisers D) The increase in oxygen levels due to reforestation

5. Biomagnification is most likely to occur with which type of pollutant? A) Water-soluble salts B) Biodegradable sewage C) Non-biodegradable insecticides (e.g., DDT) D) Dissolved oxygen in water

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Section B: Structured Questions (6-15)

Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. [Marks indicated]

6. Define the term "producer" and give one example of a producer in a marine ecosystem. [2]

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7. Explain why energy flow in an ecosystem is described as "non-cyclical." [2]

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8. A food chain consists of: Grass $\rightarrow$ Grasshopper $\rightarrow$ Frog $\rightarrow$ Snake. (a) Identify the secondary consumer in this chain. [1]

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   (b) Predict what would happen to the population of grasshoppers if the frogs were removed. [2]

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9. Describe the role of decomposers in the carbon cycle. [2]

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10. Compare a pyramid of numbers with a pyramid of biomass. State one situation where a pyramid of numbers might be inverted. [3]

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11. Explain how the burning of fossil fuels disrupts the natural balance of the carbon cycle. [3]

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12. State two ways in which humans can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. [2]

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13. Describe the process of biomagnification and explain why top predators are most affected. [3]

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14. Distinguish between "conservation" and "sustainable use" of natural resources. [2]

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15. Explain why only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. [3]

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Section C: Extended Response (16-20)

Provide detailed explanations for the following. [Marks indicated]

16. Discuss the impact of deforestation on both the carbon cycle and global temperatures. [4]

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17. A farmer uses a potent, non-biodegradable insecticide to protect his crops. Explain the potential risk this poses to a bird of prey that hunts insects in the area. [4]

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18. Explain why a vegetarian diet is considered more energy-efficient for the human population than a meat-based diet. [4]

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19. Describe how the ocean acts as a "carbon sink" and explain how this helps mitigate global warming. [4]

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20. Suggest and explain two strategies to manage plastic waste in the ocean to protect marine biodiversity. [4]

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Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Ecology (Answer Key)

Section A: Multiple Choice

1. A (Correct sequence: Producer $\rightarrow$ Primary $\rightarrow$ Secondary $\rightarrow$ Tertiary)
2. B (Producers must have the most energy/biomass to support all levels above them)
3. C (Photosynthesis absorbs $\text{CO}_2$ from the air)
4. B (Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation/heat)
5. C (Non-biodegradable substances accumulate in tissues)

Section B: Structured Questions

6. Definition: Organisms that synthesize their own organic nutrients (usually from $\text{CO}_2$ via photosynthesis). Example: Phytoplankton / Seaweed. [2]
7. Explanation: Energy is lost as heat to the environment at each trophic level and cannot be reused by producers; it must be constantly replenished by the sun. [2]
8. (a) Frog [1] (b) Prediction: Grasshopper population would increase. Reason: There is a decrease in predation pressure/fewer predators to eat them. [2]
9. Role: Decomposers break down dead organic matter and waste, releasing $\text{CO}_2$ back into the atmosphere through respiration. [2]
10. Comparison: Pyramid of numbers counts individuals; pyramid of biomass measures total dry mass of living tissue. Inverted Example: A single large tree (1 producer) supporting thousands of insects (many primary consumers). [3]
11. Explanation: Fossil fuels store carbon from millions of years ago. Burning them releases this stored carbon as $\text{CO}_2$ into the atmosphere much faster than plants can remove it, increasing atmospheric $\text{CO}_2$ levels. [3]
12. Ways: (Any two) Reforestation/planting trees; using renewable energy (solar/wind); reducing meat consumption (reducing methane from livestock); improving public transport to reduce car emissions. [2]
13. Process: The accumulation of a non-biodegradable pollutant in the tissues of organisms. Top Predators: Because they eat many organisms from lower levels, they ingest the accumulated toxins from all those prey, leading to the highest concentration in their bodies. [3]
14. Conservation: Protection and preservation of biodiversity/habitats to prevent extinction. Sustainable Use: Using resources at a rate that allows them to regenerate naturally for future generations. [2]
15. Explanation: Energy is lost through: 1. Heat produced during respiration. 2. Excretion/egestion of undigested matter. 3. Parts of the organism that are not eaten (e.g., bones, roots). [3]

Section C: Extended Response

16. Deforestation Impact:
    • Carbon Cycle: Fewer trees mean less $\text{CO}_2$ is absorbed via photosynthesis. Burning trees releases stored carbon as $\text{CO}_2$. [2]
    • Global Temp: Increased atmospheric $\text{CO}_2$ enhances the greenhouse effect, trapping more heat and raising global temperatures. [2]
17. Insecticide Risk:
    • The insecticide is non-biodegradable and accumulates in insects. [1]
    • The bird of prey eats many contaminated insects (biomagnification). [1]
    • The toxin reaches high concentrations in the bird's tissues. [1]
    • This can lead to reproductive failure (e.g., thinning eggshells) or death. [1]
18. Vegetarian Efficiency:
    • Energy is lost at each trophic level (only ~10% transfer). [1]
    • Eating plants (producers) means consuming energy at the first trophic level. [1]
    • Eating meat means consuming energy at the second or third level, where much energy has already been lost as heat. [1]
    • Therefore, more people can be fed using the same amount of land/energy if they eat plants directly. [1]
19. Ocean Carbon Sink:
    • Oceans absorb $\text{CO}_2$ from the atmosphere through dissolution and photosynthesis by phytoplankton. [2]
    • By removing $\text{CO}_2$ from the air, the ocean reduces the concentration of greenhouse gases. [1]
    • This weakens the greenhouse effect, slowing the rate of global warming. [1]
20. Plastic Waste Strategies: (Any two)
    • Ban on single-use plastics: Reduces the amount of plastic entering the ocean at the source. [2]
    • Ocean cleanup technology: Removing existing plastic prevents marine animals from ingesting it or becoming entangled. [2]
    • Promoting biodegradable alternatives: Ensures that materials that do enter the ocean break down naturally without harming wildlife. [2]