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Secondary 3 Biology Cells Biomolecules Quiz
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Questions
Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules
Name: __________________________
Class: __________________________
Date: __________________________
Score: _______ / 40
Duration: 45 minutes
Total Marks: 40
Instructions:
- Answer all questions.
- Write your answers in the spaces provided.
- The number of marks for each question or part question is given in brackets [ ].
- Use black or blue ink. Diagrams may be drawn in pencil.
Section A: Multiple Choice (Questions 1–5)
Choose the correct answer and write the letter in the box provided. Each question carries 1 mark.
1. Which of the following structures is found in a typical plant cell but not in a typical animal cell?
A. Cell membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondrion
D. Cell wall
Answer: [___]
2. A student observes a cell under an electron microscope. The cell contains many mitochondria and extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is the most likely function of this cell?
A. Storage of starch
B. Synthesis and secretion of proteins
C. Absorption of water
D. Contraction for movement
Answer: [___]
3. Which of the following correctly describes the movement of substances during osmosis?
A. Water molecules move from a region of higher solute concentration to lower solute concentration.
B. Water molecules move from a region of lower water potential to higher water potential.
C. Water molecules move from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane.
D. Solute molecules move from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.
Answer: [___]
4. An enzyme is heated to 80°C and then cooled to its optimum temperature of 37°C. The enzyme remains inactive. Why?
A. The enzyme has been denatured.
B. The substrate has been denatured.
C. The kinetic energy of the molecules is too low.
D. The active site has become more flexible.
Answer: [___]
5. Which food test result indicates the presence of protein?
A. Blue-black colour with iodine solution.
B. Brick-red precipitate with Benedict’s solution after heating.
C. Purple/violet colour with biuret solution.
D. White emulsion with ethanol and water.
Answer: [___]
Section B: Structured Questions (Questions 6–15)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
6. The diagram below represents a simplified animal cell.
(Imagine a diagram with labels: A pointing to the nucleus, B pointing to the cell membrane, C pointing to a mitochondrion)
(a) Identify structures A, B, and C. [3]
A: __________________________
B: __________________________
C: __________________________
(b) State one function of structure A. [1]
7. Red blood cells are specialised for transporting oxygen.
(a) Explain why red blood cells do not have a nucleus. [1]
(b) Explain how the biconcave shape of red blood cells aids their function. [1]
8. A student places a strip of potato tissue into a concentrated salt solution. After 30 minutes, the potato strip becomes soft and flaccid.
(a) Name the process responsible for the change in the potato strip. [1]
(b) Explain why the potato strip became soft and flaccid. [2]
9. Enzymes are biological catalysts.
(a) Define the term 'active site'. [1]
(b) Explain why enzymes are specific to particular substrates. [2]
10. The graph below shows the effect of pH on the activity of two enzymes, Pepsin and Trypsin.
(Imagine a graph: Pepsin peaks at pH 2, Trypsin peaks at pH 8)
(a) State the optimum pH for Pepsin. [1]
(b) Explain what happens to the structure of Trypsin when the pH is changed from 8 to 2. [2]
11. Describe the chemical elements present in:
(a) Carbohydrates [1]
(b) Proteins [1]
12. A student performs a food test on a sample of milk.
(a) Describe how you would test for the presence of reducing sugars in the milk. [2]
(b) What observation would indicate a positive result for reducing sugars? [1]
13. Root hair cells are adapted for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.
(a) Describe one structural adaptation of root hair cells that increases the rate of water absorption. [1]
(b) Mineral ions are often absorbed against a concentration gradient. Name the process used and state why energy is required. [2]
Process: __________________________
Reason for energy: ______________________________________________________
14. Compare diffusion and active transport by completing the table below. [3]
| Feature | Diffusion | Active Transport |
|---|---|---|
| Direction of movement | High to low concentration | __________________________ |
| Energy requirement | No energy required | __________________________ |
| Role of membrane proteins | Not always required | __________________________ |
15. Large biological molecules are made from smaller subunits.
(a) Name the subunit (monomer) of starch. [1]
(b) Name the subunit (monomer) of proteins. [1]
Section C: Free Response Questions (Questions 16–20)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
16. Explain how the structure of a leaf mesophyll cell is adapted for photosynthesis. Include references to chloroplasts and cell shape in your answer. [3]
17. A patient suffers from a genetic condition where their cells lack functional mitochondria.
(a) Predict the effect this would have on the patient’s muscle cells. [2]
(b) Explain your prediction. [2]
18. Describe the 'lock and key' hypothesis of enzyme action. [3]
19. In an experiment, the rate of reaction of catalase (an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide) was measured at different temperatures. The rate increased from 10°C to 40°C, but decreased sharply at 60°C.
(a) Explain the increase in rate between 10°C and 40°C. [2]
(b) Explain the decrease in rate at 60°C. [2]
20. Discuss the importance of water potential in maintaining the shape of plant cells. Refer to turgor pressure in your answer. [3]
*** End of Quiz ***
Answers
Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules: Answer Key
Total Marks: 40
Section A: Multiple Choice
1. D
Explanation: Cell walls are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells. Cell membranes, cytoplasm, and mitochondria are found in both.
2. B
Explanation: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is involved in protein synthesis, and mitochondria provide the energy (ATP) required for synthesis and secretion. This suggests a secretory cell (e.g., pancreatic cell).
3. C
Explanation: Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution) through a partially permeable membrane.
4. A
Explanation: High temperatures (like 80°C) break the bonds holding the enzyme's tertiary structure, causing denaturation. The active site changes shape permanently, so cooling it down does not restore activity.
5. C
Explanation: Biuret solution turns purple/violet in the presence of proteins. Iodine tests for starch (blue-black), Benedict’s for reducing sugars (brick-red), and ethanol for fats (white emulsion).
Section B: Structured Questions
6.
(a) A: Nucleus [1], B: Cell membrane [1], C: Mitochondrion [1]
(b) Controls the activities of the cell / Contains genetic material (DNA) [1]
7.
(a) To provide more space for haemoglobin [1]
(b) Increases the surface area to volume ratio for faster diffusion of oxygen [1]
8.
(a) Osmosis [1]
(b) The salt solution has a lower water potential than the potato cell sap [1]. Water moves out of the potato cells by osmosis [1]. The cells become plasmolysed/flaccid, causing the strip to soften. [1] (Note: 2 marks max for explanation)
9.
(a) The region on the enzyme surface where the substrate binds [1]
(b) The active site has a specific shape [1] that is complementary to the shape of the substrate [1]. Only the specific substrate can fit into the active site.
10.
(a) pH 2 [1]
(b) The enzyme denatures [1]. The bonds holding the tertiary structure break, changing the shape of the active site [1]. The substrate can no longer bind.
11.
(a) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen [1] (All three required)
(b) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen [1] (Nitrogen is the key differentiator)
12.
(a) Add Benedict’s solution to the milk sample [1]. Heat the mixture in a water bath (boil) [1].
(b) Colour change from blue to green/yellow/orange/brick-red precipitate [1]
13.
(a) Long hair-like projection increases surface area for absorption [1]
(b) Process: Active Transport [1]. Reason: Energy (ATP) is required to move ions against the concentration gradient [1].
14.
| Feature | Diffusion | Active Transport |
|---|---|---|
| Direction of movement | High to low concentration | Low to high concentration (against gradient) [1] |
| Energy requirement | No energy required | Energy (ATP) required [1] |
| Role of membrane proteins | Not always required | Carrier proteins required [1] |
15.
(a) Glucose [1]
(b) Amino acids [1]
Section C: Free Response Questions
16.
- Contains many chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll to trap light energy for photosynthesis [1].
- Thin and flat shape provides a large surface area for light absorption and gas exchange [1].
- Large vacuole pushes cytoplasm/chloroplasts to the edge of the cell, reducing diffusion distance for CO2 [1].
17.
(a) Muscle cells would have less energy / fatigue quickly / unable to contract strongly [1].
(b) Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration which releases energy (ATP) [1]. Without functional mitochondria, ATP production is reduced [1]. Muscle contraction requires significant energy [1]. (Max 2 marks for part b)
18.
- The substrate has a specific shape that fits into the enzyme's active site [1].
- This forms an enzyme-substrate complex [1].
- The reaction occurs, and products are released, leaving the enzyme unchanged and ready to bind another substrate [1].
19.
(a) As temperature increases, kinetic energy of enzyme and substrate molecules increases [1]. This leads to more frequent and successful collisions between enzyme and substrate [1].
(b) At 60°C, the high heat breaks bonds in the enzyme structure [1]. The enzyme denatures, and the active site changes shape so the substrate can no longer bind [1].
20.
- When water enters plant cells by osmosis, the vacuole expands and pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall [1].
- This creates turgor pressure [1].
- Turgor pressure provides structural support, keeping the plant upright and preventing wilting [1].
*** End of Answer Key ***