Secondary 3 Biology Cells Biomolecules Quiz

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Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules

Name: __________________________
Class: __________________________
Date: __________________________
Score: ________ / 60

Duration: 60 Minutes
Total Marks: 60

Instructions:

• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Use precise biological terminology.
• For structured questions, ensure your explanations link structure to function.

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Section A: Cell Structure and Organisation (Questions 1–7)

1. State the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell. [1]

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2. Compare a typical plant cell and an animal cell by stating two structures found in a plant cell that are absent in an animal cell. [2] i. ________________________________________________________________________ ii. ________________________________________________________________________

3. Identify the organelle responsible for the synthesis of proteins and state where it is typically located within the cell. [2]

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4. A cell is observed to have a very high density of mitochondria. Suggest the likely function of this cell and explain your reasoning. [2]

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5. Describe the role of the Golgi body in the processing of proteins. [2]

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6. Figure 1 shows a red blood cell. Explain how the absence of a nucleus is an adaptation for its specific function. [2]

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7. Explain how a root hair cell is adapted to maximize the absorption of water from the soil. [3]

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Section B: Movement of Substances (Questions 8–13)

8. Define diffusion and provide one example of its occurrence in the human body. [2]

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9. Distinguish between osmosis and diffusion. [2]

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10. A potato cylinder is placed in a highly concentrated sucrose solution. (a) Predict the change in the mass of the potato cylinder. [1] _______________________________________________________________________ (b) Explain the movement of water molecules using the concept of water potential. [3] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

11. Define active transport and state why it requires energy from the cell. [2] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

12. Explain why active transport is necessary for the absorption of glucose in the villi of the small intestine, even when glucose concentration in the blood is already high. [3] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

13. What would happen to an animal cell if it were placed in distilled water? Explain your answer. [3] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

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Section C: Biological Molecules and Enzymes (Questions 14–20)

14. List the chemical elements that make up a protein molecule. [1] _______________________________________________________________________

15. Match the biomolecule to its corresponding food test: [3]

    • Starch: _________________________________________________________________
    • Reducing Sugar: ________________________________________________________
    • Protein: ________________________________________________________________

16. Describe the relationship between amino acids and proteins. [2] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

17. State two primary roles of fats (lipids) in the human body. [2] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

18. Using the "lock-and-key" model, explain why enzymes are highly specific to their substrates. [3] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

19. A graph shows that the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases until 40°C and then drops sharply. (a) Explain why the rate increases up to 40°C. [2] _______________________________________________________________________ (b) Explain why the rate decreases sharply after 40°C. [3] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

20. Explain why a high fever (e.g., 41°C) can be dangerous to the functioning of a human's metabolic processes. [4] ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

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Answer Key - Secondary 3 Biology Quiz: Cells Biomolecules

1. Nucleus Function

• Controls all cellular activities / contains genetic information (DNA). [1]

2. Plant vs Animal Cells

• Any two: Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Large central vacuole. [2]

3. Protein Synthesis

• Organelle: Ribosomes. [1]
• Location: Cytoplasm or attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER). [1]

4. Mitochondria Density

• Function: High energy demand (e.g., muscle cell, sperm cell, heart cell). [1]
• Reason: Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP/energy. [1]

5. Golgi Body Role

• Modifies proteins (e.g., adding sugar chains) and packages them into secretory vesicles for export/transport. [2]

6. Red Blood Cell Adaptation

• Absence of nucleus provides more internal space [1] to carry more haemoglobin/oxygen. [1]

7. Root Hair Cell Adaptation

• Long extension/hair-like projection increases surface area [1] for faster absorption of water and mineral ions [1] via osmosis/active transport. [1]

8. Diffusion

• Definition: Net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration [1] down a concentration gradient. [1]
• Example: Oxygen moving from alveoli to blood / CO2 moving from blood to alveoli. [1]

9. Osmosis vs Diffusion

• Osmosis is the specific diffusion of water molecules [1] across a partially permeable membrane [1].

10. Potato Experiment

• (a) Mass decreases. [1]
• (b) The sucrose solution has a lower water potential than the cell sap [1]. Water moves out of the potato cells [1] from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential [1] across the partially permeable membrane.

11. Active Transport

• Definition: Movement of substances against a concentration gradient (from low to high concentration). [1]
• Energy: Requires ATP to power carrier proteins to pump molecules across the membrane. [1]

12. Glucose Absorption

• To ensure maximum absorption of glucose from the lumen [1] even when blood levels are high [1], allowing the body to capture all available nutrients regardless of the gradient [1].

13. Animal Cell in Distilled Water

• The cell will swell and eventually burst (lyse). [1]
• Distilled water has a higher water potential than the cytoplasm [1]. Water enters the cell by osmosis [1]. Animal cells lack a cell wall to resist the turgor pressure. [1]

14. Protein Elements

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (C, H, O, N). [1]

15. Food Tests

• Starch: Iodine solution (Yellow-brown $\rightarrow$ Blue-black). [1]
• Reducing Sugar: Benedict's solution + heat (Blue $\rightarrow$ Brick red). [1]
• Protein: Biuret reagent (Blue $\rightarrow$ Violet/Purple). [1]

16. Amino Acids and Proteins

• Amino acids are the monomers (building blocks) [1] that are joined together by peptide bonds to form long polypeptide chains (proteins). [1]

17. Roles of Fats

• Any two: Long-term energy storage, thermal insulation, protection of vital organs, waterproof layer. [2]

18. Lock-and-Key Model

• The enzyme has a specific 3D shape called the active site [1]. Only a substrate with a complementary shape [1] can fit into the active site to form an enzyme-substrate complex [1].

19. Enzyme Graph

• (a) Increase in kinetic energy [1] leads to more frequent successful collisions between enzyme and substrate. [1]
• (b) High temperature disrupts bonds in the enzyme's tertiary structure [1]. The active site changes shape (denatures) [1], and the substrate no longer fits, stopping the reaction [1].

20. High Fever Danger

• Metabolic processes are controlled by enzymes [1]. At 41°C, critical enzymes in the body may begin to denature [1]. This changes the shape of their active sites [1], meaning essential biochemical reactions (like respiration or digestion) slow down or stop, which can lead to organ failure or death [1].