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Secondary 3 Biology Ecology Quiz
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Questions
Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Ecology
Name: __________________________
Class: __________________________
Date: __________________________
Score: _______ / 40
Duration: 45 minutes
Total Marks: 40
Instructions:
- Answer all questions.
- Write your answers in the spaces provided.
- The number of marks for each question or part question is given in brackets [ ].
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (Questions 1–5)
Choose the correct answer and write the letter in the box provided.
1. Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in a food chain?
A) Cyclical, as energy is recycled by decomposers.
B) Non-cyclical, as energy is lost as heat at each trophic level.
C) Non-cyclical, as energy is trapped permanently in producers.
D) Cyclical, as consumers return energy to producers through respiration.
Answer: [ ] [1]
2. In a pyramid of biomass for a terrestrial ecosystem, why is the biomass of the producers usually the largest?
A) Producers have the highest metabolic rate.
B) Energy is lost between trophic levels, so less biomass can be supported at higher levels.
C) Producers consume the most energy from the sun.
D) Decomposers break down producers faster than consumers.
Answer: [ ] [1]
3. Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?
A) Respiration
B) Combustion
C) Photosynthesis
D) Decomposition
Answer: [ ] [1]
4. A farmer uses an insecticide to kill pests on his crops. The insecticide is not broken down easily and accumulates in the tissues of organisms. Which organism in the following food chain would have the highest concentration of the insecticide?
Plant → Aphid → Ladybird → Spider
A) Plant
B) Aphid
C) Ladybird
D) Spider
Answer: [ ] [1]
5. Which of the following human activities contributes most significantly to the enhanced greenhouse effect?
A) Planting more trees in urban areas.
B) Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation.
C) Using organic fertilizers in agriculture.
D) Recycling plastic waste.
Answer: [ ] [1]
Section B: Structured Questions (Questions 6–15)
6. The diagram below represents a simple food web in a forest ecosystem.
(Imagine a diagram showing: Oak Tree → Caterpillar → Blue Tit → Sparrowhawk. Also: Oak Tree → Mouse → Sparrowhawk. Also: Dead leaves → Earthworm → Blue Tit.)
(a) Identify the producer in this food web.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) State the trophic level of the Blue Tit when it feeds on the Caterpillar.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(c) Explain why the Sparrowhawk population is usually much smaller than the Caterpillar population.
_________________________________________________________________________ [2]
7. Energy flow in ecosystems is inefficient.
(a) State the approximate percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) Give two reasons why energy is lost between trophic levels.
-
- ______________________________________________________________________ [2]
8. The carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, living organisms, and the earth.
(a) Name the process by which decomposers release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) Explain how the formation of fossil fuels removes carbon from the active carbon cycle for millions of years.
_________________________________________________________________________ [2]
9. Global warming is a consequence of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
(a) Define the term 'greenhouse effect'.
_________________________________________________________________________ [2]
(b) Suggest one biological consequence of global warming on ecosystems.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
10. Nitrogen is essential for the synthesis of proteins and DNA.
(a) Name the group of bacteria that converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in the soil.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) Explain why farmers often rotate crops with legumes (such as peas or beans).
_________________________________________________________________________ [2]
11. The graph below shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of a plant at two different temperatures (15°C and 25°C).
(Imagine a graph where Rate increases with Light Intensity, then plateaus. The 25°C line plateaus at a higher rate than the 15°C line.)
(a) Identify the limiting factor for photosynthesis at point X (low light intensity) on the 15°C curve.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) Explain why the rate of photosynthesis at 25°C is higher than at 15°C at high light intensities.
_________________________________________________________________________ [2]
12. Deforestation has a significant impact on the environment.
(a) Explain how deforestation leads to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
_________________________________________________________________________ [2]
(b) Describe one effect of deforestation on soil quality.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
13. Pollution can disrupt ecosystems.
(a) Explain what is meant by 'biomagnification'.
_________________________________________________________________________ [2]
(b) Why are top predators most at risk from biomagnification?
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
14. Conservation efforts are crucial for maintaining biodiversity.
(a) Define 'biodiversity'.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) Suggest one reason why maintaining biodiversity is important for human medicine.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
15. Eutrophication is a process caused by excessive nutrients in water bodies.
(a) Name the two main nutrients that cause eutrophication.
_________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) Explain how eutrophication leads to the death of fish in a lake.
_________________________________________________________________________ [3]
Section C: Free Response Questions (Questions 16–20)
16. Describe the role of decomposers in the carbon cycle.
_________________________________________________________________________ [3]
17. Explain why food chains rarely have more than four or five trophic levels.
_________________________________________________________________________ [3]
18. Discuss the impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems.
_________________________________________________________________________ [3]
19. Explain how the structure of a leaf is adapted for efficient gas exchange.
_________________________________________________________________________ [3]
20. "Human activities are the main cause of climate change."
Evaluate this statement by describing two human activities that increase greenhouse gases and one natural factor that affects climate.
_________________________________________________________________________ [4]
*** End of Quiz ***
Answers
Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Ecology (Answer Key)
Total Marks: 40
Section A: Multiple Choice Answers
1. B
Reasoning: Energy flows in one direction and is lost as heat at each stage; it is not recycled like nutrients.
2. B
Reasoning: Due to the 10% rule, energy loss limits the biomass that can be supported at higher trophic levels.
3. C
Reasoning: Photosynthesis uses CO2 and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
4. D
Reasoning: Biomagnification causes toxin concentration to increase at higher trophic levels. The spider is the top consumer here.
5. B
Reasoning: Burning fossil fuels releases stored carbon as CO2, enhancing the greenhouse effect.
Section B: Structured Answers
6.
(a) Oak Tree [1]
(b) Secondary Consumer [1]
(c) Energy is lost at each trophic level (as heat/respiration/waste) [1]. Therefore, less energy is available to support the biomass of the Sparrowhawk compared to the Caterpillar [1].
7.
(a) 10% [1]
(b) Any two of the following [1 each]:
- Energy lost as heat during respiration.
- Energy lost in excretory products (urine/faeces).
- Parts of the organism are not eaten/digested (e.g., bones, roots).
8.
(a) Respiration [1]
(b) Dead organic matter is buried under sediment [1]. Over millions of years, heat and pressure convert this matter into fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), locking the carbon away from the atmosphere [1].
9.
(a) The trapping of heat radiation by greenhouse gases (such as CO2 and methane) in the atmosphere, keeping the Earth warm [2].
(b) Any one of the following [1]:
- Melting ice caps leading to habitat loss for polar species.
- Change in distribution of species (migration to cooler areas).
- Coral bleaching due to warmer ocean temperatures.
10.
(a) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria [1]
(b) Legumes have root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria [1]. These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, enriching the soil for the next crop [1].
11.
(a) Light intensity [1]
(b) At high light intensity, light is no longer the limiting factor [1]. Temperature affects the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions in photosynthesis [1]. 25°C is closer to the optimum temperature for these enzymes than 15°C, resulting in a higher rate [1].
12.
(a) Trees absorb CO2 for photosynthesis; removing them reduces this absorption [1]. Burning cleared trees releases stored carbon as CO2 [1].
(b) Soil erosion [1] (or loss of soil nutrients/leaching).
13.
(a) The increase in concentration of a substance (such as a toxin) in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain [2].
(b) They consume many organisms from the lower levels, accumulating all the toxins stored in their prey [1].
14.
(a) The variety of living organisms (species) in a particular area or ecosystem [1].
(b) Many medicines are derived from plants or animals [1]. Loss of species may mean loss of potential cures for diseases.
15.
(a) Nitrates and Phosphates [1]
(b) Excess nutrients cause rapid growth of algae (algal bloom) [1]. Algae block sunlight, causing underwater plants to die [1]. Decomposers break down dead plants, using up oxygen in respiration [1]. Fish die due to lack of oxygen [1]. (Max 3 marks)
Section C: Free Response Answers
16.
- Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) break down dead organic matter and waste products [1].
- They respire, releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere [1].
- This completes the carbon cycle by returning carbon to the atmosphere for use by producers [1].
17.
- Energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient (only ~10% is passed on) [1].
- Most energy is lost as heat through respiration or in waste [1].
- After 4-5 levels, there is insufficient energy remaining to support a viable population of predators [1].
18.
- Plastic waste is ingested by marine animals, causing blockage or starvation [1].
- Animals can get entangled in plastic debris, leading to injury or death [1].
- Microplastics enter the food chain, potentially affecting human health through biomagnification [1].
19.
- Large surface area (flat and broad) for maximum light absorption and gas exchange [1].
- Thin structure reduces diffusion distance for gases [1].
- Presence of stomata (pores) allows diffusion of CO2 in and O2 out [1].
- Air spaces in spongy mesophyll facilitate rapid gas diffusion [1]. (Max 3 marks)
20.
- Human Activity 1: Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of CO2 [1].
- Human Activity 2: Deforestation reduces the number of trees absorbing CO2 [1].
- Natural Factor: Volcanic eruptions release CO2 and ash, which can temporarily cool or warm the climate [1].
- Evaluation: While natural factors exist, the rapid rise in temperature correlates strongly with industrial human activities, making them the primary driver of current climate change [1].