Secondary 3 Biology Cells Biomolecules Quiz

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Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules

Name: ___________________________
Class: ___________________________
Date: ___________________________
Score: _______ / 40

Duration: 60 minutes
Total Marks: 40

Instructions:

• Answer all 20 questions.
• Section A: Multiple Choice (1 mark each)
• Section B: Short Structured Questions (1–3 marks each)
• Section C: Extended Response (4–6 marks)
• Write your answers clearly in the spaces provided.

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Section A: Multiple Choice (Questions 1–5)

1. An actively dividing cell is supplied with radioactive amino acids. Which cell structure would first show an increase in radioactivity? [1]
   A) Nucleus
   B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
   C) Golgi body
   D) Mitochondrion

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2. Which of the following is the correct hierarchical order from smallest to largest? [1]
   A) Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
   B) Tissue → cell → organ → organism → organ system
   C) Cell → organ → tissue → organism → organ system
   D) Organ → tissue → cell → organ system → organism

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3. Which food test uses iodine solution to detect the presence of a specific biomolecule? [1]
   A) Benedict’s test
   B) Biuret test
   C) Starch test
   D) Ethanol test

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4. A red blood cell has no nucleus. This adaptation mainly helps to: [1]
   A) Increase its ability to divide
   B) Provide more space for haemoglobin
   C) Allow it to change shape easily
   D) Protect it from infection

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5. The enzyme amylase breaks down starch into: [1]
   A) Glucose
   B) Maltose
   C) Amino acids
   D) Fatty acids

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Section B: Short Structured Questions (Questions 6–15)

6. State the main role of carbohydrates in living organisms. [1]

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7. Name the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration and produces energy in the form of ATP. [1]

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8. (a) Define diffusion. [1]

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(b) Give one example of diffusion in the human body. [1]

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9. A plant cell is placed in a concentrated salt solution. What will happen to the cell vacuole and why? [2]

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10. Describe the lock-and-key model of enzyme action. [2]

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11. The diagram below shows a specialised animal cell.

Generated diagram for Q11.

Identify the cell type and state one structural adaptation visible. [2]
Cell type: _________________________
Adaptation: _________________________

12. Complete the table for the food tests. [3]

Biomolecule	Reagent	Colour change (positive)
Starch	Iodine	__________________
Protein	________	Purple
Reducing sugar	______	__________________

13. Explain why active transport requires energy while diffusion does not. [2]

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14. Root hair cells absorb mineral ions from the soil. Which process is mainly used and why? [2]
    Process: _________________________
    Reason: ________________________________________________________

15. A student investigated enzyme activity at different temperatures. The graph shows rate of reaction.

Generated graph for Q15.

State the optimum temperature and explain why the rate falls after this point. [2]
Optimum: _________°C
Explanation: ________________________________________________________

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Section C: Extended Response (Questions 16–20)

16. Describe and explain how a red blood cell and a root hair cell are adapted to their functions. [6]

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17. A cell is supplied with radioactive glucose. Explain the pathway of the radioactivity within the cell, naming the organelles involved and their roles. [4]

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18. Compare the structures of a typical animal cell and a typical plant cell. Include at least three differences. [4]

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19. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Explain how temperature affects enzyme activity, with reference to protein structure. [5]

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20. A student carries out an experiment to test a leaf for starch. Outline the steps and explain the expected result. [4]

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Secondary 3 Biology Quiz - Cells Biomolecules: Answer Key

Total Marks: 40
Topic: Cells Biomolecules

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Section A: Multiple Choice

1. B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum [1]
   Teaching note: Radioactive amino acids are used to build proteins. Protein synthesis starts at ribosomes on the rough ER (RER). The RER is the first site to show radioactivity, not the nucleus (which directs but does not assemble proteins) or Golgi (which modifies later).

2. A) Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism [1]
   Teaching note: Living things are organised hierarchically. Similar cells form tissues; tissues form organs; organs work in systems; systems make up the organism.

3. C) Starch test [1]
   Teaching note: Iodine solution turns blue-black in presence of starch. Benedict’s tests for reducing sugars, biuret for protein, ethanol for fats.

4. B) Provide more space for haemoglobin [1]
   Teaching note: Mature red blood cells lose their nucleus to maximise room for haemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment.

5. B) Maltose [1]
   Teaching note: Amylase hydrolyses starch (a polysaccharide) into maltose (a disaccharide). Further enzymes break maltose to glucose.

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Section B: Short Structured

6. Energy source / quick energy supply [1]
   Teaching note: Carbohydrates are broken down during respiration to release energy.

7. Mitochondrion (mitochondria) [1]
   Teaching note: Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced.

8. (a) Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. [1]
   (b) Oxygen moving from alveoli into blood capillaries / carbon dioxide leaving blood into alveoli [1]
   Teaching note: Must mention movement down concentration gradient without energy.

9. Vacuole shrinks (plasmolysis); water leaves cell by osmosis [2]
   Marking: 1 mark for shrink/plasmolysis, 1 mark for reason (osmosis out to concentrated solution).
   Teaching note: High external solute → lower water potential outside → water leaves via osmosis.

10. Enzyme has active site complementary to substrate; substrate fits like key into lock; forms enzyme-substrate complex [2]
    Marking: 1 mark shape specificity, 1 mark complex formation.

11. Cell type: Red blood cell [1]; Adaptation: Biconcave shape (increases surface area) / no nucleus [1]
    Teaching note: Image shows biconcave disc without nucleus. Biconcave shape increases SA for gas exchange.

12. [3]

• Starch: Blue-black [1]
• Protein reagent: Biuret solution [1]
• Reducing sugar reagent: Benedict’s solution, colour: Brick-red (on heating) [1]

13. Active transport moves substances against concentration gradient using ATP; diffusion is down gradient and needs no energy [2]
    Marking: 1 mark each point.

14. Process: Active transport [1]; Reason: Mineral ions often in lower concentration in soil than root cells, so must be pumped against gradient [1]

15. Optimum: 37°C [1]; Explanation: Above optimum, enzyme denatures (protein shape lost), active site destroyed, rate falls [1]

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Section C: Extended Response

16. [6]
    Mark breakdown: 3 adaptations + explanations for each cell (1 mark each pair).

• Red blood cell: Function transport O₂. No nucleus → more haemoglobin space. Biconcave → increased SA. No organelles → streamlined. [3]
• Root hair cell: Function absorb water/minerals. Long hair → increased SA. Thin wall → short diffusion path. Vacuole → maintains gradient. [3]

17. [4]

• Glucose enters cell by transport. [1]
• Taken to mitochondria for respiration. [1]
• Mitochondria break glucose to release ATP (radioactivity in CO₂/H₂O or intermediates). [1]
• Shows mitochondria are site of glucose utilisation. [1]

18. [4]
    Differences: (1) Plant has cell wall, animal does not. (2) Plant has chloroplasts, animal none. (3) Plant has large central vacuole, animal small/no. (4) Animal has centrioles, plant none. [1 each, any 3+]

19. [5]

• Enzymes are proteins with specific 3D shape. [1]
• Rise in temp increases kinetic energy, more collisions, faster rate up to optimum. [1]
• At optimum (≈37°C human), max rate. [1]
• High temp breaks H-bonds, denaturation, active site lost. [1]
• Beyond optimum, reaction stops. [1]

20. [4]

• Boil leaf in water to kill, then ethanol to remove chlorophyll. [1]
• Rinse, add iodine. [1]
• Blue-black colour shows starch present (photosynthesis occurred). [1]
• Expected: leaf exposed to light tests positive. [1]