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O Level Geography Map Graph Data Skills Quiz

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O Level Geography From Real Exams Generated by DeepSeek V4 Pro Updated 2026-06-03

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Questions

O-Level Geography Quiz - Map Graph Data Skills

Name: _________________________ Class: _________________________ Date: _________________________ Score: ______ / 50

Duration: 45 minutes Total Marks: 50

Instructions:

Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
Read each question carefully and note the mark allocation.
Where calculations are required, show your working clearly.
For data-based questions, refer specifically to the figures, tables, or extracts provided.
The use of a calculator is permitted.

Section A: Data Representation and Interpretation (15 marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section.

1. A group of Geography students measured the average daily temperature at four locations around their school over one week. Suggest how the average daily temperature at the four locations could be shown on one graph.

[3 marks]

2. Study Table 1 below, which shows the number of visitors to three tourist attractions in Singapore from 2019 to 2023.

Table 1: Visitor Numbers to Singapore Tourist Attractions (in thousands)

Year	Gardens by the Bay	Sentosa Island	Singapore Zoo
2019	8,500	19,000	1,900
2020	2,100	4,500	450
2021	3,200	6,800	680
2022	6,400	14,200	1,420
2023	8,200	18,500	1,850

(a) Describe the trend in visitor numbers to Sentosa Island from 2019 to 2023. Support your answer with data from Table 1.

[3 marks]

(b) Using the data in Table 1, calculate the percentage decrease in visitor numbers to Gardens by the Bay between 2019 and 2020. Show your working.

[2 marks]

3. Study Figure 1 below, which shows the distribution of earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 and above recorded globally in 2024.

Figure 1: Global Distribution of Major Earthquakes (Magnitude ≥ 6.0), 2024

[A world map is shown with dots indicating earthquake locations. Dots are concentrated along the western coast of South America, the western coast of North America, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and New Zealand. A band of dots also runs through southern Europe and the Himalayas. Few dots appear in central Africa, eastern South America, and northern Eurasia.]

(a) Describe the global distribution of major earthquakes shown in Figure 1.

[3 marks]

(b) Explain why earthquakes are concentrated in the regions you identified in part (a).

[4 marks]

4. Study Figure 2 below, which is a topographic map extract showing a coastal area.

Figure 2: Topographic Map Extract of a Coastal Area

[A topographic map extract is shown with the following features: a coastline with a bay, contour lines indicating a gentle slope inland from the coast, a river flowing into the bay, a settlement located on higher ground 2 km inland, spot heights of 5 m near the coast and 45 m at the settlement, and a scale of 1:50,000.]

(a) Using the scale provided, calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres between the coastline at the bay and the settlement. Show your working.

[2 marks]

(b) Describe the relief of the area shown in Figure 2. Support your answer with evidence from the map.

[3 marks]

5. With reference to Figure 2, suggest one reason why the settlement is located on higher ground rather than near the coastline.

[3 marks]

Section B: Data Reliability and Fieldwork Methodology (15 marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section.

6. A group of students conducted a fieldwork investigation to study the impact of tourism on a local neighbourhood. They designed a survey to collect residents' opinions on tourism development. The survey was distributed to 20 residents at a community centre on a Tuesday afternoon.

(a) Identify one weakness of the students' sampling method and explain how it could affect the reliability of their data.

[3 marks]

(b) Suggest one improvement the students could make to their sampling method to increase data reliability. Explain your choice.

[3 marks]

7. The students in Question 6 used a Likert scale in their survey to measure residents' attitudes towards tourism. Table 2 shows the response options and the number of responses for the statement: "Tourism has brought economic benefits to our neighbourhood."

Table 2: Survey Responses to Statement on Economic Benefits of Tourism

Response	Number of Residents
Strongly Agree	8
Agree	6
Neutral	3
Disagree	2
Strongly Disagree	1

(a) Describe how the students could calculate a weighted score for the responses in Table 2 to determine the overall attitude of residents.

[3 marks]

(b) Using your method from part (a), calculate the weighted score for the data in Table 2. Show your working.

[3 marks]

8. For the fieldwork study described in Questions 6 and 7, evaluate whether the data collection is reliable. Support your answer with reference to the study design.

[3 marks]

Section C: Graph Construction and Analysis (10 marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section.

9. Study the data in Table 3 below, which shows the monthly rainfall and average temperature for a weather station in Singapore.

Table 3: Monthly Rainfall and Average Temperature for Singapore Weather Station

Month	Rainfall (mm)	Average Temperature (°C)
Jan	240	26.5
Feb	170	27.0
Mar	190	27.5
Apr	170	27.8
May	170	28.0
Jun	160	28.0
Jul	160	27.8
Aug	170	27.8
Sep	160	27.5
Oct	190	27.5
Nov	250	27.0
Dec	290	26.5

(a) On the grid provided below, construct a line graph to show the average temperature for each month from January to December. Label your axes clearly and provide a title for your graph.

[5 marks]

[Grid space provided for graph construction]

(b) On the same grid, construct a bar graph to show the monthly rainfall. Use a different vertical axis on the right side of the grid for rainfall. Include a legend to distinguish between the two data sets.

[5 marks]

[Grid space provided for graph construction]

10. Describe the relationship between monthly rainfall and average temperature shown in your completed graph for Question 9.

[2 marks]

Section D: Map Skills and Data Application (10 marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section.

11. Study Figure 3 below, which shows the land use pattern of a neighbourhood in Singapore.

Figure 3: Land Use Map of a Singapore Neighbourhood

[A map is shown with the following features: a central business district (CBD) in the middle, surrounded by residential areas. A major road runs through the neighbourhood. A park is located next to the residential area in the north. A school is situated in the south-east corner. A factory is located in the west, near the major road.]

(a) Using the map, identify the land use type found in the south-east corner of the neighbourhood.

[1 mark]

(b) Describe the location of the factory relative to the residential areas.

[2 marks]

12. Suggest one reason why the park is located next to the residential area in the north of the neighbourhood shown in Figure 3.

[2 marks]

13. A student wants to investigate how land use affects temperature in the neighbourhood shown in Figure 3. Suggest one hypothesis the student could test.

[2 marks]

14. Describe one method the student could use to collect temperature data to test the hypothesis in Question 13.

[3 marks]

15. Study Table 4 below, which shows the population density and green space area for three neighbourhoods.

Table 4: Population Density and Green Space Area

Neighbourhood	Population Density (people per km²)	Green Space Area (hectares)
A	8,000	15
B	12,000	10
C	5,000	25

(a) Calculate the green space per person for Neighbourhood A. Show your working.

[2 marks]

(b) Using the data in Table 4, describe the relationship between population density and green space area.

[2 marks]

16. Explain one reason why high population density might lead to less green space in a neighbourhood.

[2 marks]

17. A group of students collected data on the number of trees in three different land use areas: a park, a residential area, and an industrial area. They recorded their findings in a tally chart.

(a) Suggest one advantage of using a tally chart for this data collection.

[2 marks]

(b) The students counted 25 trees in the park, 12 trees in the residential area, and 3 trees in the industrial area. Calculate the total number of trees recorded.

[1 mark]

18. The students want to present the tree count data from Question 17 visually. Suggest the most appropriate graph type and justify your choice.

[2 marks]

19. Study Figure 4 below, which shows the results of a traffic survey conducted at a junction near a school.

Figure 4: Traffic Survey Results

Vehicle Type	Number of Vehicles (8:00-9:00 am)	Number of Vehicles (12:00-1:00 pm)
Cars	150	80
Buses	20	10
Motorcycles	50	30
Bicycles	10	5

(a) Compare the total number of vehicles during the two time periods. Support your answer with data.

[2 marks]

(b) Suggest one reason for the difference in traffic volume between the two time periods.

[2 marks]

20. Evaluate the reliability of the traffic survey data shown in Figure 4 if it was collected on only one day.

[2 marks]

END OF QUIZ

Check your answers carefully before submitting.

Answers

O-Level Geography Quiz - Map Graph Data Skills: Answer Key and Marking Scheme

Total Marks: 50

Section A: Data Representation and Interpretation (15 marks)

1. Suggest how the average daily temperature at the four locations could be shown on one graph.

[3 marks]

Answer:

Use a multiple line graph / line graph with four lines [1 mark]
X-axis: Days of the week (Monday to Sunday) [0.5 mark]
Y-axis: Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) [0.5 mark]
Each location represented by a different coloured or patterned line [0.5 mark]
Include a legend/key to identify each location [0.5 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying the correct graph type (line graph).
Award up to 2 marks for clear labelling and legend.
Accept "comparative line graph" or "overlay line graph."
Do not accept bar chart or pie chart as these are less suitable for continuous temperature data over time.

2(a). Describe the trend in visitor numbers to Sentosa Island from 2019 to 2023.

[3 marks]

Answer:

Visitor numbers to Sentosa Island decreased sharply from 19,000 thousand in 2019 to 4,500 thousand in 2020 [1 mark]
Numbers then increased steadily from 4,500 thousand in 2020 to 18,500 thousand in 2023 [1 mark]
Overall, visitor numbers recovered but did not fully return to the 2019 peak by 2023 [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying the sharp decline (2019–2020).
Award 1 mark for identifying the recovery trend (2020–2023).
Award 1 mark for noting that 2023 figures remain slightly below 2019 levels.
Must include specific data references for full marks.
Accept "fell dramatically" or "plummeted" for the 2019–2020 decline.

2(b). Calculate the percentage decrease in visitor numbers to Gardens by the Bay between 2019 and 2020.

[2 marks]

Answer:

Decrease = 8,500 – 2,100 = 6,400 thousand [1 mark for correct subtraction]
Percentage decrease = (6,400 ÷ 8,500) × 100 = 75.3% [1 mark for correct calculation]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for correct working (showing subtraction).
Award 1 mark for correct answer: 75.3% (accept 75% or 75.29%).
Award 0 marks if only the answer is given without working.
Do not penalise for rounding.

3(a). Describe the global distribution of major earthquakes shown in Figure 1.

[3 marks]

Answer:

Earthquakes are concentrated along the Pacific Ring of Fire, including the western coasts of North and South America, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and New Zealand [1 mark]
A secondary concentration is found along the Alpine-Himalayan belt, running through southern Europe and the Himalayas [1 mark]
Few earthquakes occur in central Africa, eastern South America, and northern Eurasia [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying the Pacific Ring of Fire concentration with specific regions.
Award 1 mark for identifying the Alpine-Himalayan belt.
Award 1 mark for noting areas with few or no earthquakes.
Must reference Figure 1 explicitly or implicitly through regional descriptions.

3(b). Explain why earthquakes are concentrated in the regions you identified in part (a).

[4 marks]

Answer:

Earthquakes occur primarily at plate boundaries where tectonic plates interact [1 mark]
At convergent boundaries (e.g., western South America, Japan, Indonesia), plates collide; the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the less dense plate, causing friction and pressure build-up [1 mark]
When the accumulated stress exceeds the strength of rocks, sudden release of energy causes earthquakes [1 mark]
The Pacific Ring of Fire and Alpine-Himalayan belt correspond to major plate boundaries (e.g., Pacific Plate, Nazca Plate, Eurasian Plate, Indo-Australian Plate), explaining the concentration of earthquakes in these regions [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for linking earthquakes to plate boundaries.
Award 1 mark for explaining the mechanism at convergent boundaries (subduction, friction).
Award 1 mark for explaining stress release as the cause of earthquakes.
Award 1 mark for linking specific regions to specific plate boundaries.
Accept reference to transform boundaries (e.g., San Andreas Fault) as an alternative mechanism.

4(a). Using the scale provided, calculate the straight-line distance in kilometres between the coastline at the bay and the settlement.

[2 marks]

Answer:

Map distance between coastline and settlement = 4 cm (accept 3.8–4.2 cm) [1 mark]
Actual distance = 4 cm × 50,000 = 200,000 cm = 2 km [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for measuring the correct straight-line distance on the map (within tolerance).
Award 1 mark for correct calculation and conversion to kilometres.
Must show working for full marks.

4(b). Describe the relief of the area shown in Figure 2. Support your answer with evidence from the map.

[3 marks]

Answer:

The relief is generally low-lying and gently sloping [1 mark]
Evidence: Spot heights show an increase from 5 m near the coast to 45 m at the settlement, indicating a gentle rise inland [1 mark]
Contour lines are widely spaced, confirming a gentle slope [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for overall description of relief (low-lying, gentle slope).
Award 1 mark for using spot heights as evidence.
Award 1 mark for using contour line spacing as evidence.
Accept any valid description supported by map evidence.

5. With reference to Figure 2, suggest one reason why the settlement is located on higher ground rather than near the coastline.

[3 marks]

Answer:

The settlement is located on higher ground to avoid coastal hazards such as flooding or storm surges [1 mark]
The spot height of 45 m indicates the settlement is well above sea level, providing natural protection from rising water levels [1 mark]
The coastline is low-lying (5 m spot height), making it more vulnerable to inundation [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying a valid reason (e.g., flood protection, safety from coastal hazards).
Award 1 mark for linking the reason to specific evidence from the map (spot heights).
Award 1 mark for contrasting the higher ground with the vulnerable coastline.
Accept other valid reasons such as better drainage, defensive advantage, or access to resources, provided they are supported by map evidence.

Section B: Data Reliability and Fieldwork Methodology (15 marks)

6(a). Identify one weakness of the students' sampling method and explain how it could affect the reliability of their data.

[3 marks]

Answer:

Weakness: Small sample size of only 20 residents [1 mark]
Explanation: A small sample may not be representative of the entire neighbourhood population; the views of the 20 respondents may differ significantly from the wider community [1 mark]
Effect on reliability: The data may not be reliable because repeating the survey with a different group of 20 residents could produce very different results [1 mark]

Alternative answer:

Weakness: Sampling at a community centre on a Tuesday afternoon [1 mark]
Explanation: This excludes residents who work or study during weekday afternoons, introducing sampling bias [1 mark]
Effect on reliability: The data may over-represent the views of retirees, homemakers, or unemployed residents, making it unreliable for generalising to all residents [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying a valid weakness (small sample size, biased timing, biased location, non-random sampling).
Award 1 mark for explaining how the weakness affects representativeness.
Award 1 mark for linking to reliability (consistency/repeatability of findings).
Accept any valid weakness with clear explanation.

6(b). Suggest one improvement the students could make to their sampling method to increase data reliability. Explain your choice.

[3 marks]

Answer:

Improvement: Increase the sample size to at least 50–100 residents [1 mark]
Explanation: A larger sample size reduces the margin of error and increases the likelihood that the sample reflects the population [1 mark]
Link to reliability: With a larger sample, repeating the survey would be more likely to produce consistent results, increasing reliability [1 mark]

Alternative answer:

Improvement: Use stratified random sampling by dividing the neighbourhood into subgroups (e.g., age, occupation, housing type) and randomly selecting respondents from each subgroup [1 mark]
Explanation: This ensures all segments of the population are represented proportionally [1 mark]
Link to reliability: Stratified sampling reduces bias, making the data more consistent and reliable across repeated surveys [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for a specific, practical improvement.
Award 1 mark for explaining why the improvement enhances representativeness.
Award 1 mark for linking the improvement to increased reliability.
Accept any valid improvement with clear justification.

7(a). Describe how the students could calculate a weighted score for the responses in Table 2.

[3 marks]

Answer:

Assign a numerical value to each response category: Strongly Agree = +2, Agree = +1, Neutral = 0, Disagree = −1, Strongly Disagree = −2 [1 mark]
Multiply the number of residents in each category by the assigned value [1 mark]
Sum all the weighted values to obtain a total weighted score [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for assigning appropriate values (positive for agreement, negative for disagreement, zero for neutral).
Award 1 mark for describing the multiplication step.
Award 1 mark for describing the summation step.
Accept alternative weighting schemes (e.g., +5 to +1 for Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree) if clearly explained.

7(b). Using your method from part (a), calculate the weighted score for the data in Table 2.

[3 marks]

Answer:

Strongly Agree: 8 × (+2) = +16 [0.5 mark]
Agree: 6 × (+1) = +6 [0.5 mark]
Neutral: 3 × (0) = 0 [0.5 mark]
Disagree: 2 × (−1) = −2 [0.5 mark]
Strongly Disagree: 1 × (−2) = −2 [0.5 mark]
Total weighted score = +16 + 6 + 0 − 2 − 2 = +18 [0.5 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 0.5 marks for each correct multiplication.
Award 0.5 marks for correct summation.
Total = 3 marks.
Accept alternative weighting schemes if consistently applied and clearly shown.

8. For the fieldwork study described in Questions 6 and 7, evaluate whether the data collection is reliable.

[3 marks]

Answer:

The data collection has limited reliability due to the small sample size of 20 residents, which may not represent the wider community [1 mark]
The timing of the survey (Tuesday afternoon) introduces sampling bias, as it excludes working residents, further reducing reliability [1 mark]
However, the use of a structured Likert scale provides consistent response options, which supports reliability in terms of measurement consistency [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying a factor that reduces reliability (sample size or timing).
Award 1 mark for identifying a second factor or providing a balanced evaluation.
Award 1 mark for acknowledging a factor that supports reliability (e.g., structured survey instrument).
Must include a judgement about overall reliability.

Section C: Graph Construction and Analysis (10 marks)

9(a). Construct a line graph to show the average temperature for each month from January to December.

[5 marks]

Answer:

Title: "Average Monthly Temperature in Singapore" or similar [1 mark]
X-axis: Months (Jan to Dec), labelled correctly [1 mark]
Y-axis (left): Temperature (°C), with appropriate scale (e.g., 25–30°C) [1 mark]
Data points plotted accurately for each month [1 mark]
Points connected with a smooth line [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for each criterion.
Deduct 0.5 marks for minor plotting errors (up to 2 errors).
Deduct 1 mark if axes are not labelled.
Scale must be linear and appropriate.

9(b). On the same grid, construct a bar graph to show the monthly rainfall. Use a different vertical axis on the right side of the grid for rainfall. Include a legend.

[5 marks]

Answer:

Y-axis (right): Rainfall (mm), with appropriate scale (e.g., 0–300 mm) [1 mark]
Bars drawn accurately for each month's rainfall [1 mark]
Bars are clearly distinguishable from the temperature line [1 mark]
Legend included to distinguish between temperature (line) and rainfall (bars) [1 mark]
Overall graph is neat and correctly aligned [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for each criterion.
Deduct 0.5 marks for minor plotting errors (up to 2 errors).
Deduct 1 mark if legend is missing.
Bars must be plotted against the correct months.

10. Describe the relationship between monthly rainfall and average temperature shown in your completed graph for Question 9.

[2 marks]

Answer:

There is no clear or strong relationship between monthly rainfall and average temperature [1 mark]
Temperature remains relatively constant (26.5–28.0°C) throughout the year, while rainfall fluctuates significantly (160–290 mm) [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying the lack of a clear relationship.
Award 1 mark for supporting the description with data or observations from the graph.
Accept answers that note slight inverse relationships if supported by data (e.g., higher rainfall in cooler months), but this is not required.

Section D: Map Skills and Data Application (10 marks)

11(a). Using the map, identify the land use type found in the south-east corner of the neighbourhood.

[1 mark]

Answer:

School [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for the correct answer.
Must be specific ("school," not "education" unless specified in the map).

11(b). Describe the location of the factory relative to the residential areas.

[2 marks]

Answer:

The factory is located to the west of the residential areas [1 mark]
It is situated near the major road, separated from the main residential areas [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for correct directional description (west).
Award 1 mark for noting proximity to the major road or separation from residential areas.
Accept any accurate spatial description.

12. Suggest one reason why the park is located next to the residential area in the north of the neighbourhood shown in Figure 3.

[2 marks]

Answer:

The park is located next to the residential area to provide recreational space for residents [1 mark]
This allows easy access for residents to enjoy green space without travelling far [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying a valid reason (recreation, aesthetics, health).
Award 1 mark for explaining the benefit of proximity to residential areas.
Accept other valid reasons such as improving air quality or providing a buffer zone.

13. A student wants to investigate how land use affects temperature in the neighbourhood shown in Figure 3. Suggest one hypothesis the student could test.

[2 marks]

Answer:

Hypothesis: "Temperatures in the central business district (CBD) will be higher than temperatures in the park" [1 mark for a clear, testable statement]
Or: "Areas with more vegetation (park) will have lower temperatures than built-up areas (CBD or factory)" [1 mark for specifying the variables]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for a clear, directional hypothesis.
Award 1 mark for identifying the specific land uses or variables to be compared.
Hypothesis must be testable and related to the map.

14. Describe one method the student could use to collect temperature data to test the hypothesis in Question 13.

[3 marks]

Answer:

Use a thermometer or temperature data logger to measure air temperature [1 mark]
Take measurements at multiple sites: in the CBD, park, residential area, and near the factory [1 mark]
Record temperatures at the same time of day (e.g., 2:00 pm) to ensure consistency and comparability [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying the instrument.
Award 1 mark for describing the spatial sampling (multiple sites).
Award 1 mark for describing a control measure (same time, same height above ground, etc.).
Accept any valid, systematic method.

15(a). Calculate the green space per person for Neighbourhood A. Show your working.

[2 marks]

Answer:

Green space area = 15 hectares = 150,000 m² [0.5 mark for conversion, if needed, but not strictly required if using hectares per person]
Population density = 8,000 people per km² = 8,000 people per 100 hectares [0.5 mark for understanding density]
Green space per person = 15 hectares / (8,000 people/km² × 1 km²) = 15 hectares / 8,000 people = 0.001875 hectares per person [1 mark]
Alternative: 150,000 m² / 8,000 people = 18.75 m² per person [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for correct setup (green space area divided by population).
Award 1 mark for correct answer with units.
Accept 0.001875 hectares per person or 18.75 m² per person.
Must show working.

15(b). Using the data in Table 4, describe the relationship between population density and green space area.

[2 marks]

Answer:

There is an inverse relationship between population density and green space area [1 mark]
As population density increases, green space area decreases (e.g., Neighbourhood B has the highest density at 12,000 people/km² and the smallest green space at 10 hectares, while Neighbourhood C has the lowest density at 5,000 people/km² and the largest green space at 25 hectares) [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying the inverse/negative relationship.
Award 1 mark for supporting the description with specific data from the table.

16. Explain one reason why high population density might lead to less green space in a neighbourhood.

[2 marks]

Answer:

High population density increases demand for housing and infrastructure, leading to more land being used for buildings and roads [1 mark]
This leaves less land available for green spaces such as parks and gardens [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying a valid reason (competition for land, urban development).
Award 1 mark for explaining the consequence (reduction in green space).
Accept other valid reasons such as higher land values making green space economically unviable.

17(a). Suggest one advantage of using a tally chart for this data collection.

[2 marks]

Answer:

A tally chart is quick and easy to use for recording counts in the field [1 mark]
It allows data to be organised and totalled easily at the point of collection [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying an advantage (speed, simplicity, organisation).
Award 1 mark for explaining the benefit in the context of fieldwork.
Accept any valid advantage.

17(b). Calculate the total number of trees recorded.

[1 mark]

Answer:

Total = 25 + 12 + 3 = 40 trees [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for the correct answer.
No working required, but accept if shown.

18. The students want to present the tree count data from Question 17 visually. Suggest the most appropriate graph type and justify your choice.

[2 marks]

Answer:

Bar graph / bar chart [1 mark]
Justification: Bar graphs are suitable for comparing discrete categories (park, residential, industrial) and showing the number of trees in each land use area clearly [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for identifying bar graph (or column graph).
Award 1 mark for justifying the choice (comparing categories, discrete data).
Do not accept line graph or pie chart without strong justification.

19(a). Compare the total number of vehicles during the two time periods. Support your answer with data.

[2 marks]

Answer:

Total vehicles (8:00–9:00 am) = 150 + 20 + 50 + 10 = 230 [0.5 mark]
Total vehicles (12:00–1:00 pm) = 80 + 10 + 30 + 5 = 125 [0.5 mark]
The total number of vehicles is higher in the morning (8:00–9:00 am) than in the afternoon (12:00–1:00 pm) [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 0.5 marks for each correct total.
Award 1 mark for the comparison statement.
Must include data for full marks.

19(b). Suggest one reason for the difference in traffic volume between the two time periods.

[2 marks]

Answer:

The morning period (8:00–9:00 am) coincides with the school start time and peak commuting hours, leading to higher traffic volume [1 mark]
The afternoon period (12:00–1:00 pm) is lunchtime, when fewer people are travelling to work or school, resulting in lower traffic volume [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for linking the morning peak to school/commuting times.
Award 1 mark for explaining the lower volume in the afternoon.
Accept any valid reason related to daily activity patterns.

20. Evaluate the reliability of the traffic survey data shown in Figure 4 if it was collected on only one day.

[2 marks]

Answer:

The data would have low reliability because a single day may not be representative of typical traffic patterns [1 mark]
Traffic volume can vary due to factors such as weather, day of the week, or special events, so one day's data may not be repeatable [1 mark]

Marking notes:

Award 1 mark for stating that reliability is low.
Award 1 mark for explaining why (lack of representativeness, variability).
Must include a clear evaluation.

END OF ANSWER KEY