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O Level Geography Practice Paper 4
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Questions
TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography O-Level
TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper (AI)
Subject: Geography (2279)
Level: O-Level
Paper: Practice Paper - Map, Graph & Data Skills (Version 4 of 5)
Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes
Total Marks: 40
Name: __________________________
Class: __________________________
Date: __________________________
Instructions to Candidates
- Write your Name, Class, and Date in the spaces provided.
- Answer all questions.
- Write your answers in the spaces provided on this question paper.
- The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
- You may use a calculator for any calculations.
- Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to clarify an answer.
Section A: Map Reading and Interpretation
Study the extract of a topographical map (Grid Reference system) provided in your exam booklet (simulated below) to answer Questions 1–5.
Context: The map extract shows a coastal region with a river valley, a settlement (Town A), and varying relief. Contour interval is 20 metres.
1. Study the grid square 4562. (a) Identify the landform feature located at grid reference 458623. [1]
(b) Calculate the area of the settlement shown in grid square 4661 in square kilometres, assuming the grid square represents 1 km² and the settlement occupies approximately 40% of the square. [1]
2. Describe the relief of the area in grid square 4463. Use specific evidence from the contour lines. [2]
3. Measure the straight-line distance between the church in grid square 4562 and the school in grid square 4764. Give your answer in kilometres. [1]
4. Explain the likely reason for the location of Town A at grid reference 4662, referring to both relief and drainage. [2]
5. A student claims that the river in the north-east of the map flows towards the south-west. (a) State whether this claim is correct. [1]
(b) Provide one piece of map evidence to support your answer. [1]
Section B: Graphical Techniques and Data Presentation
Answer Questions 6–10 based on the data scenarios provided.
6. The table below shows the monthly rainfall (mm) for Station X.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 210 | 180 | 150 | 120 | 90 | 60 | 40 | 50 | 80 | 130 | 190 | 220 |
(a) Calculate the annual range of rainfall for Station X. [1]
(b) Calculate the mean monthly rainfall. Show your working. [2]
7. Students collected data on pedestrian flow at three different sites (A, B, and C) over a 10-minute period.
- Site A: 45 people
- Site B: 120 people
- Site C: 80 people
Suggest the most appropriate graphical technique to compare the pedestrian flow at these three sites. Give a reason for your choice. [2]
8. A group of students wants to show the change in temperature over a 24-hour period. (a) Identify the most suitable graph type. [1]
(b) Explain why a pie chart would be inappropriate for this data. [1]
9. Study the scatter graph data below showing the relationship between distance from the city centre (km) and land value ($ per m²).
| Distance (km) | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land Value ($) | 5000 | 4200 | 3100 | 2500 | 1800 | 1200 |
(a) Describe the relationship shown in the data. [1]
(b) Draw a line of best fit on the graph (imagined). What does this line help to identify? [1]
10. You are presenting data on the percentage composition of energy sources in Country Y:
- Coal: 40%
- Oil: 30%
- Natural Gas: 20%
- Renewables: 10%
Which graph type is best suited to show this data? [1]
Section C: Statistical Analysis and Fieldwork Data
Answer Questions 11–15 based on the fieldwork context.
Context: Students investigated the hypothesis: "Vegetation cover increases as distance from the polluted river bank increases." They used a quadrat method at 5-metre intervals up to 25 metres.
Data Table: Vegetation Cover (%)
| Distance from Bank (m) | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 10 |
| 10 | 25 | 20 | 30 | 25 |
| 15 | 40 | 45 | 35 | 40 |
| 20 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 |
| 25 | 75 | 80 | 70 | 75 |
11. Calculate the mean vegetation cover at 10 metres. Show your working. [1]
12. Identify the anomaly in the data set, if any, and suggest a possible reason for it. [2]
13. The students decided to use systematic sampling every 5 metres. (a) Define systematic sampling. [1]
(b) State one advantage of systematic sampling over random sampling in this specific investigation. [1]
14. Evaluate the reliability of the data collected. Consider the sample size and method. [2]
15. The students plotted the mean vegetation cover against distance. (a) Describe the trend shown by the plotted data. [1]
(b) Does the data support the hypothesis? Explain your answer. [1]
Section D: Source-Based Data Interpretation
Study Figure 1 (simulated description) and answer Questions 16–20.
Figure 1: A climate graph for City Z showing average monthly temperature (line) and rainfall (bars).
- Temperature: Ranges from 25°C (Jan) to 32°C (May), dropping to 26°C (Dec).
- Rainfall: High throughout the year, with peaks in Nov (300mm) and Dec (350mm). Lowest in Feb (100mm).
16. State the highest monthly rainfall recorded for City Z. [1]
17. Calculate the annual temperature range for City Z. [1]
18. Describe the climate characteristics of City Z based on the data. [2]
19. A tourist wants to visit City Z for outdoor activities. Based on the data, suggest the best month to visit and give a reason. [2]
20. Compare the rainfall pattern of City Z with a typical Mediterranean climate (dry summer, wet winter). [2]
End of Paper
Answers
TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - Geography O-Level
Answer Key and Marking Scheme Paper: Practice Paper - Map, Graph & Data Skills (Version 4 of 5)
Section A: Map Reading and Interpretation
1. (a) Spot height / Triangulation station (depending on symbol convention, usually spot height if just a number). [1] (b) 0.4 km². (1 km² × 0.40 = 0.4 km²). [1]
2.
- Steep slope: Contour lines are close together. [1]
- High relief/Elevation: Contour values are high (e.g., above 100m/200m depending on map). [1]
- Note: Accept "Valley" if contours form V-shapes pointing upstream, but must cite contour spacing/shape.
3.
- Answer depends on scale, but typically 2.8 – 3.0 km (approximate diagonal across 2 grid squares). Allow ±0.1 km. [1]
4.
- Relief: Located on flat land (contours are widely spaced or absent), making construction easier. [1]
- Drainage: Located near a river (water supply) but on higher ground/meander spur to avoid flooding. [1]
5. (a) Correct (or Yes). [1] (b) Evidence: Contour values decrease from North-East to South-West OR River flows from higher contour values to lower contour values. [1]
Section B: Graphical Techniques and Data Presentation
6. (a) 180 mm. (Highest 220 - Lowest 40 = 180). [1] (b) 125 mm.
- Working: Sum of all months = 1500 mm.
- 1500 ÷ 12 = 125 mm. [2] (1 mark for sum, 1 mark for division).
7.
- Technique: Bar chart (or grouped bar chart). [1]
- Reason: Data is categorical/discrete (Sites A, B, C) and not continuous. Bar charts allow easy comparison of magnitudes between distinct categories. [1]
8. (a) Line graph. [1] (b) Reason: Pie charts show parts of a whole (percentages/composition) at a single point in time. They cannot show trends or changes over continuous time. [1]
9. (a) Negative correlation / Inverse relationship. As distance increases, land value decreases. [1] (b) Identify the general trend / Average relationship, smoothing out anomalies. [1]
10.
- Pie chart (or Divided bar graph). [1]
Section C: Statistical Analysis and Fieldwork Data
11.
- 25%.
- Working: (25 + 20 + 30) ÷ 3 = 75 ÷ 3 = 25. [1]
12.
- Anomaly: None strictly, but Sample 3 at 5m (8%) is slightly lower than Sample 1 (10%) and 2 (12%), or Sample 2 at 15m (45%) is higher. Accept any valid identification of a data point that deviates significantly from the trend if present.
- Alternative Answer: If no clear anomaly, state "No obvious anomaly, data follows a consistent trend."
- Reason: Human error in counting, patchy vegetation, or local micro-environment factor (e.g., rock/trample). [2] (1 for ID, 1 for reason).
13. (a) Definition: Selecting samples at regular intervals (e.g., every 5 metres). [1] (b) Advantage: Ensures even coverage of the study area; easier to execute than random sampling; captures the gradient/change systematically. [1]
14.
- Reliability: Moderately reliable.
- Strength: Three samples taken at each distance allows for calculation of a mean, reducing impact of outliers. [1]
- Limitation: Only one transect line used; results may not be representative of the whole river bank (spatial bias). [1]
15. (a) Trend: Vegetation cover increases as distance from the bank increases. [1] (b) Support: Yes, the data shows a clear positive correlation (10% at 5m to 75% at 25m), supporting the hypothesis. [1]
Section D: Source-Based Data Interpretation
16.
- 350 mm (in December). [1]
17.
- 7°C. (32°C - 25°C = 7°C). [1]
18.
- Hot/High Temperature: Temperatures are high year-round (25-32°C). [1]
- Wet/Humid: High rainfall throughout the year, with no distinct dry season (lowest is 100mm). Likely Equatorial/Tropical Rainforest climate. [1]
19.
- Month: February (or January/March). [1]
- Reason: Lowest rainfall (100mm in Feb), reducing disruption to outdoor activities. Temperatures are still warm but slightly lower than peak May. [1]
20.
- City Z: Rainfall is high year-round / No distinct dry season. [1]
- Mediterranean: Has a distinct dry summer and wet winter. City Z does not follow this pattern. [1]