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A Level H2 Physics Energy Power Quiz

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Questions

A-Level Physics H2 Quiz - Energy Power

Name: __________________________
Class: __________________________
Date: __________________________
Score: ________ / 40

Duration: 45 minutes
Total Marks: 40

Instructions:

Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected.
Where appropriate, take $g = 9.81 \text{ m s}^{-2}$ .

Section A: Multiple Choice & Short Concepts (10 Marks)

1. A car of mass $1200 \text{ kg}$ travels at a constant speed of $25 \text{ m s}^{-1}$ on a level road. The resistive force acting on the car is $800 \text{ N}$ . What is the useful power output of the engine?

A. $15 \text{ kW}$
B. $20 \text{ kW}$
C. $30 \text{ kW}$
D. $375 \text{ kW}$

Answer: _________ [1]

2. Which of the following statements correctly defines the efficiency of a machine?

A. $\frac{\text{Useful energy output}}{\text{Total energy input}} \times 100\%$
B. $\frac{\text{Total energy input}}{\text{Useful energy output}} \times 100\%$
C. $\frac{\text{Wasted energy}}{\text{Total energy input}} \times 100\%$
D. $\frac{\text{Useful power output}}{\text{Total power output}} \times 100\%$

Answer: _________ [1]

3. A pump lifts $500 \text{ kg}$ of water from a well $10 \text{ m}$ deep in $20 \text{ s}$ . What is the minimum power required by the pump?

A. $250 \text{ W}$
B. $500 \text{ W}$
C. $2450 \text{ W}$
D. $4900 \text{ W}$

Answer: _________ [1]

4. State the Principle of Conservation of Energy.

_________________________________________________________________________ [2]

5. A block of mass $2.0 \text{ kg}$ slides down a rough inclined plane. It starts from rest and travels a distance of $5.0 \text{ m}$ along the plane, which is inclined at $30^\circ$ to the horizontal. The final speed of the block is $4.0 \text{ m s}^{-1}$ . Calculate the work done against friction.

Answer space

Work done = ____________________ J [3]

Section B: Structured Calculations (10 Marks)

6. Explain why the kinetic energy of an object is a scalar quantity, whereas momentum is a vector quantity.

_________________________________________________________________________ [2]

7. An electric motor lifts a load of mass $500 \text{ kg}$ vertically through a height of $20 \text{ m}$ at a constant speed. The lift takes $15 \text{ s}$ . The motor is connected to a $230 \text{ V}$ supply and draws a current of $40 \text{ A}$ .

(a) Calculate the useful power output of the motor.

Answer space

Power output = ____________________ W [3]

(b) Calculate the efficiency of the motor.

Answer space

Efficiency = ____________________ % [2]

_________________________________ [2]

8. A car of mass $1500 \text{ kg}$ accelerates from rest to a speed of $20 \text{ m s}^{-1}$ in $8.0 \text{ s}$ on a horizontal road. Assume the resistive forces are negligible during this acceleration.

(a) Calculate the average power developed by the engine during this acceleration.

Answer space

Average Power = ____________________ W [3]

Section C: Data Analysis & Application (10 Marks)

9. A car continues to travel at a constant speed of $20 \text{ m s}^{-1}$ . The resistive force is now $1200 \text{ N}$ . Calculate the power required to maintain this constant speed.

Answer space

Power = ____________________ W [2]

10. The driver applies the brakes, and the car comes to rest over a distance of $40 \text{ m}$ . Calculate the average braking force.

Answer space

Force = ____________________ N [2]

11. A hydroelectric power station uses water falling from a height of $150 \text{ m}$ to drive turbines. The flow rate of water is $200 \text{ m}^3 \text{ s}^{-1}$ . The density of water is $1000 \text{ kg m}^{-3}$ .

(a) Calculate the mass of water falling per second.

Answer space

Mass per second = ____________________ kg [1]

(b) Calculate the maximum theoretical power available from the falling water.

Answer space

Power = ____________________ W [3]

12. In reality, resistive forces are present during the acceleration of the car in Question 8. State and explain whether the actual average power developed by the engine would be greater than, less than, or equal to the value calculated in Question 8(a).

_________________________________________________________________________ [2]

Section D: Advanced Concepts & Nuclear Physics (10 Marks)

13. A student investigates the relationship between the power $P$ dissipated in a resistor and the current $I$ flowing through it. The student varies the current and measures the power. The data is plotted on a graph of $\log_{10} P$ against $\log_{10} I$ .

The relationship is given by $P = k I^n$ , where $k$ and $n$ are constants.

(a) Show that the gradient of the graph of $\log_{10} P$ against $\log_{10} I$ is equal to $n$ .

Answer space

[3]

14. The gradient of the graph in Question 13 is found to be $2.0$ and the y-intercept is $1.30$ . Determine the values of $n$ and $k$ .

Answer space

$n =$ ____________________
$k =$ ____________________ [2]

15. State the physical significance of the constant $k$ in the context of Question 13.

_________________________________________________________________________ [1]

16. In a nuclear power station, uranium-235 nuclei undergo fission. Explain what is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus.

_________________________________________________________________________ [2]

17. The mass defect in the fission of one uranium-235 nucleus is $3.0 \times 10^{-28} \text{ kg}$ . Calculate the energy released in this fission event. (Speed of light $c = 3.00 \times 10^8 \text{ m s}^{-1}$ )

Answer space

Energy = ____________________ J [2]

18. If the power station generates $500 \text{ MW}$ of electrical power with an efficiency of $35\%$ , calculate the number of fission reactions occurring per second.

Answer space

Number of reactions = ____________________ [2]

19. Define the term power in physics.

_________________________________________________________________________ [1]

20. A crane lifts a load of $2000 \text{ N}$ vertically at a constant speed of $0.5 \text{ m s}^{-1}$ . Calculate the power output of the crane.

Answer space

Power = ____________________ W [1]

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Answers

A-Level Physics H2 Quiz - Energy Power (Answer Key)

1. B
Working: Power $P = Fv$ . Since speed is constant, driving force = resistive force = $800 \text{ N}$ .
$P = 800 \times 25 = 20,000 \text{ W} = 20 \text{ kW}$ . [1]

2. A
Working: Efficiency is defined as useful energy output divided by total energy input. [1]

3. C
Working: Work done against gravity $W = mgh = 500 \times 9.81 \times 10 = 49,050 \text{ J}$ .
Power $P = W/t = 49,050 / 20 = 2452.5 \text{ W} \approx 2450 \text{ W}$ . [1]

4. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another. The total energy of an isolated system remains constant. [2]
(1 mark for "cannot be created/destroyed", 1 mark for "transformed/constant total")

5.
Initial Energy ( $E_i$ ) = GPE = $mgh = mg(d \sin \theta) = 2.0 \times 9.81 \times 5.0 \times \sin(30^\circ) = 49.05 \text{ J}$ .
Final Energy ( $E_f$ ) = KE = $\frac{1}{2}mv^2 = 0.5 \times 2.0 \times (4.0)^2 = 16.0 \text{ J}$ .
Work done against friction = Loss in Mechanical Energy = $E_i - E_f = 49.05 - 16.0 = 33.05 \text{ J}$ .
Answer: $33 \text{ J}$ (2 s.f.). [3]
(1 mark for GPE, 1 mark for KE, 1 mark for subtraction)

6. Kinetic energy ( $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ ) depends on mass (scalar) and the square of speed (scalar magnitude of velocity), so it has no direction. Momentum ( $mv$ ) depends on velocity, which is a vector quantity having both magnitude and direction. [2]

7.
(a) Useful Power Output = Rate of gain in GPE.
$P_{out} = \frac{mgh}{t} = \frac{500 \times 9.81 \times 20}{15} = \frac{98,100}{15} = 6540 \text{ W}$ .
Answer: $6540 \text{ W}$ (or $6.54 \text{ kW}$ ). [3]

(b) Input Power $P_{in} = VI = 230 \times 40 = 9200 \text{ W}$ .
Efficiency = $\frac{P_{out}}{P_{in}} \times 100\% = \frac{6540}{9200} \times 100\% = 71.1\%$ .
Answer: $71\%$ . [2]

8.
(a) Gain in KE = $\frac{1}{2}mv^2 = 0.5 \times 1500 \times (20)^2 = 300,000 \text{ J}$ .
Average Power = $\frac{\Delta E}{t} = \frac{300,000}{8.0} = 37,500 \text{ W}$ .
Answer: $37,500 \text{ W}$ (or $37.5 \text{ kW}$ ). [3]

9. At constant speed, Driving Force = Resistive Force = $1200 \text{ N}$ .
Power $P = Fv = 1200 \times 20 = 24,000 \text{ W}$ .
Answer: $24,000 \text{ W}$ (or $24 \text{ kW}$ ). [2]

10. Work done by brakes = Loss in KE = $300,000 \text{ J}$ (from Q8a).
$W = F \times d \Rightarrow 300,000 = F \times 40$ .
$F = \frac{300,000}{40} = 7500 \text{ N}$ .
Answer: $7500 \text{ N}$ . [2]

11.
(a) Mass per second = Density $\times$ Volume flow rate = $1000 \times 200 = 200,000 \text{ kg s}^{-1}$ .
Answer: $2.0 \times 10^5 \text{ kg}$ . [1]

(b) Power available = Rate of loss of GPE = $\frac{mgh}{t} = (\text{mass per second}) \times g \times h$ .
$P = 200,000 \times 9.81 \times 150 = 294,300,000 \text{ W}$ .
Answer: $2.94 \times 10^8 \text{ W}$ (or $294 \text{ MW}$ ). [3]

12. Greater. [1]
Explanation: The engine must also do work against resistive forces (air resistance, friction) in addition to increasing the kinetic energy of the car. [1]

13. $P = k I^n$ . Taking $\log_{10}$ of both sides:
$\log_{10} P = \log_{10} (k I^n)$
$\log_{10} P = \log_{10} k + \log_{10} (I^n)$
$\log_{10} P = n \log_{10} I + \log_{10} k$ .
This is in the form $y = mx + c$ , where $y = \log_{10} P$ , $x = \log_{10} I$ , and gradient $m = n$ . [3]

14. Gradient $n = 2.0$ . [1]
Y-intercept $c = \log_{10} k = 1.30$ .
$k = 10^{1.30} = 19.95 \approx 20$ .
Answer: $n = 2.0$ , $k = 20$ (units $\Omega$ if P in W, I in A). [1]

15. $k$ represents the resistance of the resistor (since $P = I^2 R$ , comparing to $P = k I^n$ with $n=2$ , $k=R$ ). [1]

16. The energy required to completely separate the nucleons (protons and neutrons) in a nucleus to infinity. [2]
(Alternatively: The energy released when nucleons combine to form the nucleus from infinity.)

17. $E = mc^2 = (3.0 \times 10^{-28}) \times (3.00 \times 10^8)^2$
$E = 3.0 \times 10^{-28} \times 9.00 \times 10^{16}$
$E = 27 \times 10^{-12} \text{ J} = 2.7 \times 10^{-11} \text{ J}$ .
Answer: $2.7 \times 10^{-11} \text{ J}$ . [2]

18. Useful Power Output $P_{out} = 500 \text{ MW} = 500 \times 10^6 \text{ W}$ .
Efficiency $\eta = 0.35$ .
Total Power Input (from fission) $P_{in} = \frac{P_{out}}{\eta} = \frac{500 \times 10^6}{0.35} = 1.428 \times 10^9 \text{ W}$ .
Energy per reaction $E = 2.7 \times 10^{-11} \text{ J}$ .
Number of reactions per second $N = \frac{P_{in}}{E} = \frac{1.428 \times 10^9}{2.7 \times 10^{-11}}$ .
$N = 5.29 \times 10^{19}$ .
Answer: $5.3 \times 10^{19}$ . [2]

19. Power is the rate of doing work or the rate of energy transfer. [1]

20. Power $P = Fv$ . Since speed is constant, Force = Weight = $2000 \text{ N}$ .
$P = 2000 \times 0.5 = 1000 \text{ W}$ .
Answer: $1000 \text{ W}$ (or $1 \text{ kW}$ ). [1]