A Level History H1 Practice Paper 2

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TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - History H1 A-Level

TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper (AI) — Version 2

Subject: History H1
Level: A-Level
Paper: Practice Paper (Source-Based Skills Focus)
Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes
Total Marks: 40
Name: ______________________
Class: ______________________
Date: ______________________

Instructions:

• This practice paper is generated from syllabus-first inference. It is NOT derived from past-year exam papers.
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Section A is compulsory and tests source-based skills on Theme I: The Development of the Cold War.
• Use the provided sources to support your answers.
• Write clearly and in continuous prose where required.

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Section A: Source-Based Case Study (40 marks)

The following sources relate to the emergence of the Cold War after the Second World War (Theme I).

Source A
From a speech by Winston Churchill, Fulton, Missouri, 5 March 1946:
"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe... All these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere."

Source B
From George Kennan's Long Telegram, sent from the US Embassy in Moscow, 22 February 1946:
"At bottom of Kremlin's neurotic view of world affairs is traditional and instinctive Russian sense of insecurity... Soviet pressure on free institutions is something that can be contained by strong resistance at every point where it appears."

Source C
From the Soviet newspaper Pravda, 22 March 1946, responding to Churchill's speech:
"Churchill and his friends resemble Hitler and his friends in their thirst for world domination. The speech was a call to war against the USSR and the socialist system."

Source D
From a US State Department memorandum on the Truman Doctrine, 1947:
"It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. Our aid is directed not to parties but to peoples threatened by communist expansion."

Source E
From a post-revisionist historian's essay, 1990:
"The Cold War was not simply the fault of one side. Both superpowers misunderstood each other's security needs, and domestic politics on both sides hardened the confrontation."

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Question 1 (10 marks)

(a) Compare the views of Churchill in Source A and the Pravda article in Source C on the other side's intentions. Use details from both sources.

[Space for answer: 1-2 pages]

Question 2 (30 marks)

(b) "The Cold War was caused primarily by the aggressive expansion of the Soviet Union after 1945." Using all the sources and your own knowledge, test this assertion.

[Space for answer: 3-4 pages]

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End of Practice Paper

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TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper - History H1 A-Level (Answers)

Version 2 — Answer Key and Marking Scheme

Total Marks: 40
Section A: 40 marks

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Section A: Source-Based Case Study

Question 1(a) — Compare Source A and Source C (10 marks)

Marking Descriptors (from syllabus L0–L3 for comparison):

• L3 (8–10): Effective use of both sources; clear explanation of similarities/differences with source details; insight into reasons for the hostile portrayals.
• L2 (4–7): Uses both sources; clear explanation of similarities/differences with source details.
• L1 (1–3): Describes content of each source; simple comparisons.
• L0 (0): No relevant content.

Expected Answer Content:

• Source A (Churchill) portrays the USSR as having created an "iron curtain" dividing Europe and imposing Soviet control over Eastern European capitals — implies Soviet aggressive expansion.
• Source C (Pravda) portrays Churchill (and by extension the West) as resembling Hitler, seeking "world domination" and calling for "war against the USSR" — implies Western aggression.
• Similarity: Both sources depict the other side as a threat to peace and as ideologically driven.
• Difference: Churchill criticises Soviet sphere-building; Pravda accuses the West of warmongering and imperialism.
• Insight: Churchill speaks from a Western liberal perspective; Pravda reflects Soviet defensive propaganda amid perceived encirclement.

Teaching Note: Students should show they can extract specific phrases ("iron curtain", "Soviet sphere" vs "thirst for world domination", "call to war") and explain the mutual attribution of aggression. A top answer notes that both sides framed the other as the aggressor.

Sample L3 Response (abridged):
Churchill in Source A claims the USSR has lowered an "iron curtain" and seized control of Eastern European capitals within its "sphere", presenting Soviet actions as unilateral expansion. In contrast, Source C from Pravda reverses the blame, calling Churchill's speech a "call to war" by those who seek "world domination" like Hitler. Thus both sources assign blame to the other: Churchill sees Soviet expansion; the Soviet paper sees Western imperialist aggression. This mutual distrust shows why sources must be read for provenance.

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Question 2(b) — Test assertion using all sources (30 marks)

Assertion: "The Cold War was caused primarily by the aggressive expansion of the Soviet Union after 1945."

Marking Descriptors (L0–L5):

• L5 (25–30): Treats sources as a set; very good use; critical awareness; evaluates in context; sustained analytical argument with supported conclusion.
• L4 (19–24): Good use; attempts evaluation in context but with gaps.
• L3 (13–18): Some cross-referencing; attempts evaluation through content/provenance but not fully in context.
• L2 (7–12): Uses sources at face value; isolation; some provenance awareness.
• L1 (1–6): Limited use; description; contextual knowledge only.
• L0 (0): No relevant content.

Source-by-source relevance to assertion:

• Source A: Supports assertion — describes Soviet "iron curtain" and Eastern Europe under Soviet control.
• Source B: Partly supports — Kennan sees Soviet pressure as needing "containment" but roots it in Russian insecurity, not pure aggression.
• Source C: Contradicts assertion — Soviet view: West (Churchill) is aggressor; USSR is defensive.
• Source D: Supports US policy of resisting "communist expansion" — assumes Soviet aggression.
• Source E: Challenges assertion — post-revisionist view: both sides' insecurity and misunderstanding caused Cold War, not solely USSR.

Expected Argument Structure:

1. Define "aggressive expansion" (e.g., Sovietisation of Eastern Europe, Berlin Blockade).
2. Use Source A + D to show evidence appearing to support assertion.
3. Use Source C + E to challenge: Soviet defensive stance, mutual responsibility.
4. Use Source B to show nuanced US contemporary view (insecurity not just aggression).
5. Own knowledge: Yalta/Potsdam tensions, Truman Doctrine, NATO vs Warsaw Pact.
6. Conclusion: Assertion is partially valid but oversimplified; sources show reciprocal distrust.

Teaching Note: A-Level answers must weigh sources against each other, not list them. Show that Source E directly disputes "primarily Soviet" by noting post-revisionist scholarship. Context: 1945–47 is early Cold War; "expansion" refers to Eastern Europe, not military invasion of West.

Indicative Content Points (for 25–30):

• AO1: Accurate reference to Iron Curtain, Long Telegram, Truman Doctrine, Sovietisation.
• AO3: Compare provenance — Churchill (ex-PM, anti-Soviet), Pravda (state paper), Kennan (diplomat), post-revisionist (1990 hindsight).
• Judgement: Assertion is too one-sided; sources reveal polycentric causes.

Common Mistakes: Ignoring Source C/E; treating Source B as pure anti-Soviet; not using own knowledge to contextualise 1945 conferences.

Sample Conclusion (L5):
While Sources A and D depict Soviet actions as expansionist, Sources C and E show the USSR felt threatened and that both sides escalated. Kennan (B) notes insecurity not mere greed. Thus the assertion is partly supported by Western sources but rejected by Soviet and post-revisionist accounts. The Cold War's cause was multi-causal, not primarily one-sided Soviet aggression.