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A Level H1 General Paper Practice Paper 2

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TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper — General Paper H1 A-Level

TuitionGoWhere Secondary School (AI)

Subject: General Paper
Level: A-Level H1
Paper: Paper 2 — Comprehension (Practice)
Version: 2 of 5
Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes
Total Marks: 50

Name: ___________________________
Class: ___________________________
Date: ___________________________

Instructions

This paper consists of one passage and questions based on it.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Where a question requires you to use your own words, you must do so.
Marks for each question are indicated in brackets [ ].
You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on the Summary question and about 10 minutes on the Application question.

Section A: Short-Answer Questions [35 marks]

Read the passage below and answer Questions 1–15.

The Rise of Digital Nomadism

The traditional notion of work — confined to a fixed office space from nine to five — is undergoing a profound transformation. Enabled by advances in digital connectivity, cloud computing, and portable technology, a growing number of professionals now embrace what has come to be known as the "digital nomad" lifestyle. These individuals leverage the internet to perform their jobs from virtually anywhere in the world, be it a café in Lisbon, a co-working space in Bali, or a beachfront apartment in Phuket. While the phenomenon was once dismissed as a fringe pursuit reserved for freelancers and tech enthusiasts, it has now entered the mainstream consciousness, with an estimated 35 million digital nomads worldwide as of 2024, according to a report by MBO Partners.

The appeal of digital nomadism is multifaceted. At its core lies the promise of autonomy — the freedom to design one's own schedule, choose one's environment, and escape the monotony of the daily commute. For many, the lifestyle represents a deliberate rejection of the corporate ladder, a conscious decision to prioritise experiences over material accumulation. "I used to spend two hours a day stuck in traffic," recounts Daniel Tan, a Singaporean software developer who relocated to Chiang Mai in 2022. "Now I spend that time hiking, learning Thai, or simply reading by the river. My productivity has actually increased because I am happier."

Proponents argue that digital nomadism also fosters cultural enrichment and global awareness. By immersing themselves in different societies, nomads develop a nuanced understanding of diverse customs, cuisines, and worldviews. This exposure, they contend, cultivates empathy and adaptability — qualities that are increasingly valued in the modern workplace. Furthermore, the economic impact on host communities can be significant. Digital nomads often inject capital into local economies by patronising restaurants, renting accommodation, and using local services, thereby creating a ripple effect that benefits small business owners and service workers alike.

However, the romanticised image of the digital nomad obscures a more complex reality. Critics point to the precarious nature of much nomadic work, which is frequently project-based, insecure, and devoid of traditional employment benefits such as health insurance, paid leave, and retirement contributions. The absence of a stable professional network can also hinder career advancement, as nomads may find themselves perpetually starting over in new locations, unable to build the deep institutional relationships that often underpin promotions and leadership opportunities. "There is a loneliness that comes with constant movement," admits Priya Sharma, a freelance graphic designer who has been nomadic for three years. "You make friends, but the connections are often shallow because everyone is transient."

The phenomenon also raises thorny questions about taxation, regulation, and social equity. Many digital nomads operate in legal grey areas, working remotely on tourist visas that do not technically permit employment. Some countries have responded by introducing special "digital nomad visas" — Barbados, Estonia, and Thailand among them — but these programmes often cater to affluent Western professionals, inadvertently creating a two-tier system in which wealthy foreigners enjoy privileged access to a country's infrastructure while local residents struggle with rising costs of living. In Bali, for instance, the influx of nomads has been blamed for driving up rental prices in popular areas such as Canggu and Ubud, pricing out local families who have lived there for generations.

Moreover, the environmental cost of a lifestyle predicated on frequent air travel is difficult to ignore. A 2023 study by the University of Sussex estimated that the average digital nomad generates approximately 2.4 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually from flights alone — roughly double the per capita average in the European Union. This figure does not account for the additional emissions associated with shipping personal belongings, maintaining multiple short-term accommodations, or the energy consumption of co-working spaces in regions reliant on fossil fuels.

It would be simplistic, however, to dismiss digital nomadism as inherently exploitative or environmentally irresponsible. Some nomads have begun to adopt more sustainable practices, choosing slower travel patterns, staying in one location for extended periods, and offsetting their carbon emissions through verified programmes. Organisations such as "Nomad Roots" and "Slow Travel Collective" advocate for a more conscientious approach, encouraging members to engage meaningfully with local communities rather than treating destinations as interchangeable backdrops for Instagram posts. "The goal is not to run away from responsibility," explains founder Maria Lopez, "but to redefine what a meaningful life looks like in a connected world."

Ultimately, the rise of digital nomadism reflects broader shifts in how societies conceptualise work, identity, and belonging. As remote work becomes entrenched in the post-pandemic economy, the boundary between "home" and "away" continues to blur. Whether this trend leads to greater human flourishing or merely new forms of inequality and environmental degradation remains an open question — one that policymakers, employers, and individuals must grapple with in the years ahead.

Question 1

In paragraph 1, the author states that digital nomadism has "entered the mainstream consciousness." What evidence does the author provide to support this claim? [2]

Question 2

Explain the author's use of the word "multifaceted" in paragraph 2. [2]

Question 3

In paragraph 2, Daniel Tan says his "productivity has actually increased because I am happier." What does this suggest about the relationship between well-being and work performance, according to the passage? [2]

Question 4

In paragraph 3, the author uses the phrase "ripple effect." Explain what this phrase means in the context of the passage. [2]

Question 5

What does the word "precarious" (paragraph 4) suggest about the nature of nomadic work? Explain your answer. [2]

Question 6

In paragraph 4, Priya Sharma describes her connections as "shallow because everyone is transient." Explain the author's use of the word "transient" in this context. [2]

Question 7

In paragraph 5, the author refers to "legal grey areas." What does this phrase mean, and what example from the passage illustrates it? [3]

Question 8

According to paragraph 5, how does the introduction of "digital nomad visas" create a "two-tier system"? Use your own words as far as possible. [3]

Question 9

In paragraph 6, the author states that the environmental cost of digital nomadism is "difficult to ignore." What specific evidence does the author cite to support this claim? [2]

Question 10

In paragraph 7, the author says it would be "simplistic" to dismiss digital nomadism as inherently exploitative. What does the author mean by "simplistic" in this context, and what examples does the author give to show a more balanced view? [3]

Question 11

In paragraph 7, Maria Lopez says the goal is "to redefine what a meaningful life looks like in a connected world." What does this suggest about the philosophy behind the "Slow Travel Collective"? [2]

Question 12

How does the author structure the overall argument in this passage? Identify the main line of development from the beginning to the end of the passage. [3]

Question 13

In paragraph 3, the author claims that digital nomadism "fosters cultural enrichment and global awareness." From the passage, identify two ways in which this claim is supported, and one way in which it might be challenged. [3]

Question 14

The author uses the phrase "thorny questions" in paragraph 5. Explain the author's use of this phrase. What does it convey about the issues being discussed? [2]

Question 15

Throughout the passage, the author presents both the advantages and disadvantages of digital nomadism. Does the author ultimately lean towards a positive, negative, or balanced assessment? Justify your answer with reference to the text. [3]

Section B: Summary Question [8 marks]

Question 16

Summarise the disadvantages of the digital nomad lifestyle as presented in the passage.

Use your own words as far as possible. Your summary must be in continuous prose and must not exceed 120 words.

Section C: Application Question [7 marks]

Questions 17–20

The passage discusses the rise of digital nomadism and its various implications. Consider the following scenario:

The Singapore government is considering introducing a "Remote Work Abroad" policy that would allow Singaporean professionals to work from overseas for up to two years without losing their local employment rights. A public consultation has been launched.

Question 17

Using ideas from the passage, explain two potential economic benefits this policy could bring to the countries where Singaporean professionals choose to relocate. [2]

Question 18

Using ideas from the passage, explain two potential problems this policy could create for the host countries. [2]

Question 19

Based on the passage, what one measure could the Singapore government include in this policy to address the environmental concerns associated with the digital nomad lifestyle? Explain your suggestion. [2]

Question 20

Do you think the benefits of such a policy would outweigh the drawbacks for Singaporean professionals? State your view and support it with one reason drawn from the passage and one reason of your own. [1]

End of Paper

Mark Allocation Summary

Section	Questions	Marks
A: Short-Answer	1–15	35
B: Summary	16	8
C: Application	17–20	7
Total		50

Answers

TuitionGoWhere Practice Paper — General Paper H1 A-Level

Answer Key — Paper 2: Comprehension (Practice) — Version 2 of 5

Section A: Short-Answer Questions

Question 1 [2]

The author supports the claim that digital nomadism has "entered the mainstream consciousness" by citing a statistic: an estimated 35 million digital nomads worldwide as of 2024, according to a report by MBO Partners. The author also notes that the phenomenon was once considered a "fringe pursuit" but is now widely recognised.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for identifying the statistic (35 million digital nomads worldwide).
1 mark for noting the contrast with its former status as a fringe pursuit, or for referencing the MBO Partners report as evidence of mainstream recognition.
Award 1 mark if only one point is made well.

Question 2 [2]

The word "multifaceted" means having many aspects or dimensions. In the context of paragraph 2, the author uses it to introduce the idea that the appeal of digital nomadism is not based on a single factor but on several interconnected benefits — autonomy, freedom of schedule, escape from commute, prioritisation of experiences, and increased well-being. The word signals to the reader that the following discussion will explore multiple reasons for the lifestyle's popularity.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for explaining the literal meaning (having many aspects/facets).
1 mark for contextualising it within the passage (the appeal is based on multiple interconnected factors, not just one).
Do not award full marks for a definition alone without context.

Question 3 [2]

Daniel Tan's statement suggests that there is a positive correlation between personal well-being and work performance. According to the passage, by eliminating the stress of a long commute and creating a happier, more fulfilling daily routine, Tan became more productive at work. This implies that when individuals are in environments that support their happiness and mental well-being, they are likely to perform their professional duties more effectively.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for identifying the link between happiness/well-being and productivity.
1 mark for explaining the mechanism (removing commute stress, creating a better environment leads to improved output).
Answers must go beyond simply quoting "productivity has actually increased."

Question 4 [2]

In the context of the passage, "ripple effect" refers to the cascading economic benefits that spread through a local community when digital nomads spend money. When nomads patronise restaurants, rent accommodation, and use local services, the money they spend circulates through the economy, benefiting not just the businesses they directly interact with but also the wider community of small business owners and service workers.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for explaining the phrase as a spreading/cascading effect.
1 mark for linking it specifically to the economic context (money circulating through local businesses and workers).
"Ripple effect" must be explained in economic terms, not just as a general metaphor.

Question 5 [2]

The word "precarious" suggests that nomadic work is unstable, uncertain, and lacking in security. In the passage, this is elaborated by describing the work as "project-based, insecure, and devoid of traditional employment benefits such as health insurance, paid leave, and retirement contributions." The word conveys a sense of vulnerability — nomads cannot rely on a steady income or the safety nets that conventional employment provides.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for the meaning (unstable, insecure, uncertain).
1 mark for linking to the passage's elaboration (lack of benefits, project-based nature).
Accept synonyms such as "unstable," "risky," "uncertain."

Question 6 [2]

In this context, "transient" means temporary or short-lived. Priya Sharma uses it to explain that because digital nomads are constantly moving from place to place, the friendships they form are fleeting and lack depth. The word conveys the idea that nomads do not stay long enough in one location to develop lasting, meaningful relationships.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for the meaning (temporary, short-lived, passing through).
1 mark for connecting it to the consequence described (shallow friendships due to constant movement).
Do not award full marks for a dictionary definition without contextual explanation.

Question 7 [3]

"Legal grey areas" refers to situations where the law is unclear or does not explicitly address a particular activity, leaving people in a position where their actions may not be clearly legal or illegal. In the passage, this is illustrated by the example of digital nomads working remotely on tourist visas, which do not technically permit employment. Since the laws were not designed to account for remote work from abroad, nomads operate in a space where their legal status is ambiguous.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for explaining "legal grey areas" (unclear legal status, neither clearly legal nor illegal).
1 mark for identifying the example (working on tourist visas that do not permit employment).
1 mark for explaining why this creates ambiguity (laws not designed for remote work abroad).
Award a maximum of 2 marks if the example is missing.

Question 8 [3]

The introduction of "digital nomad visas" creates a two-tier system because these programmes tend to cater to affluent Western professionals who have the financial means and credentials to qualify. This gives wealthy foreigners privileged access to a country's infrastructure, lifestyle, and services, while local residents — who may be less affluent — face rising costs of living driven partly by the presence of these nomads. The passage illustrates this with the example of Bali, where the influx of nomads has driven up rental prices in Canggu and Ubud, making it difficult for local families to afford housing.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for explaining that the visas cater to affluent/wealthy foreigners.
1 mark for explaining the resulting inequality (privileged access for foreigners vs. hardship for locals).
1 mark for referencing the Bali example (rising rental prices, local families priced out).
Answers must be in the student's own words. Direct lifting reduces the mark by 1.

Question 9 [2]

The author cites a 2023 study by the University of Sussex, which estimated that the average digital nomad generates approximately 2.4 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually from flights alone — roughly double the per capita average in the European Union. The author also notes that this figure does not include additional emissions from shipping belongings, maintaining multiple accommodations, or energy consumption in co-working spaces reliant on fossil fuels.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for the Sussex study statistic (2.4 tonnes of CO₂ from flights, double the EU average).
1 mark for the additional sources of emissions mentioned (shipping, multiple accommodations, co-working energy use).
Award 1 mark if only the statistic is given without the additional context.

Question 10 [3]

In this context, "simplistic" means overly reductive or lacking nuance. The author uses it to argue that it would be an oversimplification to condemn digital nomadism as entirely exploitative or environmentally harmful, because some nomads are actively working to mitigate the negative effects. The author provides examples of more sustainable practices: choosing slower travel patterns, staying in one location for extended periods, offsetting carbon emissions through verified programmes, and engaging meaningfully with local communities. Organisations like "Nomad Roots" and "Slow Travel Collective" are cited as evidence that a more responsible form of nomadism is possible.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for explaining "simplistic" (overly reductive, lacking nuance).
1 mark for identifying at least one sustainable practice mentioned (slower travel, longer stays, carbon offsetting, community engagement).
1 mark for referencing the organisations (Nomad Roots, Slow Travel Collective) or the broader argument that a balanced view is needed.
Award a maximum of 2 marks if no examples from the passage are given.

Question 11 [2]

Maria Lopez's statement suggests that the philosophy behind the Slow Travel Collective is not about escaping responsibility or indulging in a carefree lifestyle, but about thoughtfully reimagining what it means to live a fulfilling life in an interconnected world. The emphasis is on intentionality — choosing to travel and work in ways that are sustainable, community-oriented, and personally meaningful, rather than treating destinations as disposable or interchangeable.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for identifying the idea of redefining or reimagining a meaningful life.
1 mark for connecting it to the values of responsibility, sustainability, or community engagement.
Answers must go beyond simply quoting the phrase "redefine what a meaningful life looks like."

Question 12 [3]

The author structures the passage as a balanced, discursive argument. The passage begins by introducing the phenomenon of digital nomadism and its growing prevalence (paragraph 1). It then presents the positive aspects — autonomy, well-being, cultural enrichment, and economic benefits (paragraphs 2–3). The tone shifts in paragraphs 4–6, where the author examines the disadvantages — job insecurity, social isolation, legal and regulatory issues, inequality, and environmental costs. Finally, in paragraphs 7–8, the author offers a more nuanced perspective, acknowledging that sustainable nomadism is possible and concluding with a reflective observation about the broader implications for society. The overall structure moves from introduction → advantages → disadvantages → qualified conclusion.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for identifying the introduction of the topic.
1 mark for noting the shift from advantages to disadvantages (the two-sided structure).
1 mark for identifying the concluding/reflective tone of the final paragraphs.
Award 2 marks if the structure is described but the conclusion is not mentioned.

Question 13 [3]

Two ways the claim is supported:

The passage states that by immersing themselves in different societies, nomads develop a "nuanced understanding of diverse customs, cuisines, and worldviews."
The passage argues that this exposure "cultivates empathy and adaptability — qualities that are increasingly valued in the modern workplace."

One way the claim might be challenged:

The passage also suggests that nomadic connections are often "shallow because everyone is transient," implying that the cultural immersion may be superficial rather than deep. If nomads are constantly moving and forming only fleeting relationships, their understanding of local cultures may remain at a surface level.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for each supporting point (maximum 2 marks).
1 mark for the challenge (superficial engagement due to transience).
The challenge must be logically derived from the passage, not invented.

Question 14 [2]

The phrase "thorny questions" uses the metaphor of a thorn — something sharp, painful, and difficult to handle — to convey that the issues being discussed (taxation, regulation, and social equity) are complex, contentious, and not easily resolved. The word "thorny" suggests that these problems are prickly and uncomfortable, likely to cause disagreement or difficulty for policymakers and societies attempting to address them.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for explaining the metaphor (thorn = difficult, painful, complex).
1 mark for linking it to the specific issues (taxation, regulation, social equity) and the idea that they are contentious or hard to resolve.
Accept "complex," "contentious," "problematic," or "challenging" as valid interpretations.

Question 15 [3]

The author ultimately presents a balanced assessment of digital nomadism. While the passage devotes significant attention to both the advantages (autonomy, cultural enrichment, economic benefits) and the disadvantages (precarious work, isolation, inequality, environmental costs), the author does not explicitly endorse or condemn the lifestyle. Instead, the concluding paragraphs adopt a measured tone: paragraph 7 acknowledges that sustainable practices are possible, and paragraph 8 frames the phenomenon as part of broader societal shifts, ending with the open question of whether the trend will lead to "greater human flourishing or merely new forms of inequality and environmental degradation." This open-ended conclusion signals that the author is presenting the issue for the reader to evaluate rather than advocating a particular position.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for identifying the assessment as balanced (or neutral/measured).
1 mark for referencing evidence of balance (both pros and cons discussed).
1 mark for citing the open-ended conclusion as evidence that the author does not take a definitive stance.
Accept "positive" or "negative" if well-justified with textual evidence, though "balanced" is the strongest answer.

Section B: Summary Question

Question 16 [8]

Model Summary:

The digital nomad lifestyle carries several disadvantages. Much nomadic work is unstable and project-based, lacking employment benefits such as health insurance and retirement contributions. The absence of a stable professional network can also limit career advancement. Socially, constant movement leads to shallow, transient relationships and loneliness. Legally, nomads often work in grey areas on tourist visas not designed for employment. Special nomad visas can create inequality by favouring affluent foreigners while driving up living costs for local residents, as seen in Bali. Environmentally, frequent air travel generates significant carbon emissions — approximately 2.4 tonnes per nomad annually from flights alone, double the EU per capita average.

(Word count: 118)

Marking Notes:

Content points available (1 mark each, maximum 8):

#	Content Point	Key Idea
1	Work is precarious / project-based / insecure	Instability of nomadic employment
2	Lack of employment benefits (health insurance, paid leave, retirement)	Absence of safety nets
3	Absence of stable professional network hinders career advancement	Career limitations
4	Shallow/transient relationships; loneliness	Social cost
5	Legal grey areas — working on tourist visas not permitting employment	Regulatory ambiguity
6	Digital nomad visas create a two-tier system / favour affluent foreigners	Inequality
7	Rising cost of living for locals (e.g., Bali rental prices)	Impact on host communities
8	High carbon emissions from frequent flights (2.4 tonnes annually, double EU average)	Environmental cost
9	Additional emissions from shipping, multiple accommodations, co-working energy use	Broader environmental impact

Award 1 mark for each valid content point, up to a maximum of 8 marks.
Answers must be in continuous prose (not bullet points).
Answers must be in the student's own words. Direct lifting of phrases from the passage should not be rewarded.
The summary must not exceed 120 words. Deduct 1 mark if the word limit is exceeded.
The summary must cover disadvantages only. Do not award marks for advantages.

Language Assessment (integrated):

If the summary is largely lifted directly from the passage with minimal paraphrasing, cap content marks at 4 even if 8 points are present.
Reward effective paraphrasing and coherent expression.

Section C: Application Question

Question 17 [2]

Two potential economic benefits for host countries:

Injection of foreign capital into local economies: Singaporean professionals would spend money on accommodation, food, transport, and local services, directly benefiting small business owners and service workers in the host country. (Based on paragraph 3: "Digital nomads often inject capital into local economies by patronising restaurants, renting accommodation, and using local services.")
Ripple effect of economic activity: The spending by these professionals would circulate through the local economy, creating a multiplier effect that benefits a wider range of businesses and workers beyond those directly serving the nomads. (Based on paragraph 3: "thereby creating a ripple effect that benefits small business owners and service workers alike.")

Marking Notes:

1 mark per valid economic benefit, clearly linked to ideas in the passage.
Benefits must be framed in terms of the host country's economy, not the professional's personal benefit.
Award 0 marks for generic answers not connected to the passage.

Question 18 [2]

Two potential problems for host countries:

Rising cost of living for local residents: An influx of relatively affluent Singaporean professionals could drive up rental prices and the cost of goods and services in popular areas, pricing out local families who have lived there for generations. (Based on paragraph 5: "the influx of nomads has been blamed for driving up rental prices in popular areas such as Canggu and Ubud, pricing out local families.")
Creation of social inequality / two-tier system: The policy could create a divide between wealthy foreign professionals who enjoy privileged access to the country's infrastructure and local residents who may not share in the economic benefits. (Based paragraph 5: "inadvertently creating a two-tier system in which wealthy foreigners enjoy privileged access to a country's infrastructure while local residents struggle with rising costs of living.")

Marking Notes:

1 mark per valid problem, clearly linked to ideas in the passage.
Problems must be framed in terms of the host country's perspective.
Award 0 marks for generic answers not connected to the passage.

Question 19 [2]

Suggested measure: The Singapore government could require or incentivise professionals on the policy to adopt slower travel patterns — for example, by stipulating a minimum stay duration (e.g., 3–6 months) in each location before moving on. This would reduce the frequency of air travel and therefore lower carbon emissions.

Explanation: The passage notes that the average digital nomad generates approximately 2.4 tonnes of CO₂ annually from flights alone (paragraph 6). By encouraging longer stays and fewer flights, the policy could significantly reduce the environmental footprint. The passage also mentions that some nomads are already adopting this approach (paragraph 7: "choosing slower travel patterns, staying in one location for extended periods"), suggesting it is a viable and practical measure.

Alternative acceptable answers:

Require carbon offsetting through verified programmes for all flights taken under the policy.
Encourage the use of co-working spaces powered by renewable energy.
Provide incentives for professionals who choose destinations accessible by train or other lower-emission transport.

Marking Notes:

1 mark for a plausible, specific measure.
1 mark for a clear explanation linking the measure to environmental concerns raised in the passage.
The measure must be something the Singapore government could realistically include in the policy.

Question 20 [1]

This is an open-response question. Award the mark as follows:

1 mark for a clear, reasoned personal view supported by:

At least one reason drawn from the passage, AND
At least one original reason of the student's own.

Sample answer (benefits outweigh drawbacks): "I believe the benefits would outweigh the drawbacks. From the passage, digital nomads report increased productivity due to improved well-being (Daniel Tan's experience), suggesting that Singaporean professionals could become more effective workers. Additionally, from my own reasoning, Singapore's limited land and high population density mean that allowing professionals to work abroad could reduce pressure on local infrastructure and housing, benefiting those who remain."

Sample answer (drawbacks outweigh benefits): "I believe the drawbacks would outweigh the benefits. From the passage, the precarious nature of nomadic work — lacking health insurance and retirement contributions — poses significant risks to long-term financial security. Furthermore, from my own reasoning, Singaporean professionals working abroad for extended periods may lose touch with the local professional landscape, making it difficult to reintegrate into the Singapore workforce upon their return."

Marking Notes:

Award 1 mark for a clear view with both a passage-based reason and an original reason.
Award 0 marks if only one type of reason is given, or if the answer is purely generic with no reasoning.
Accept either position (benefits outweigh or drawbacks outweigh) as long as it is well-supported.

Mark Allocation Summary

Section	Questions	Marks
A: Short-Answer	1–15	35
B: Summary	16	8
C: Application	17–20	7
Total		50