A Level H2 Geography Human Geography Quiz

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A-Level Geography H2 Quiz - Human Geography

Name: ___________________________
Class: ___________________________
Date: ___________________________
Score: ___________ / 40

Duration: 60 minutes
Total Marks: 40
Topic: Human Geography (Development, Economy and Environment – Cluster 1)

Instructions:

• This quiz contains 20 questions across three sections.
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Use geographical concepts and terminology where appropriate.
• Section A: 1–7 (Short structured responses, 1–3 marks each)
• Section B: 8–14 (Source/data-based analysis, 2–5 marks each)
• Section C: 15–20 (Extended application and evaluation, 3–6 marks each)

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Section A: Foundations of Human Geography (Questions 1–7)

1. Define the term Global Production Network (GPN) as used in the study of transnational corporations. [2]

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2. State one economic dimension of sustainable development according to the Brundtland definition. [1]

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3. Name the multilateral institution that primarily regulates international trade. [1]

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4. Identify one provisioning ecosystem service. [1]

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5. According to Malthus, what limits population growth? [1]

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6. State one way in which Boserup argued technology expands the resource base. [1]

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7. Give one example of a transnational corporation (TNC) in the electronics industry. [1]

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Section B: Source and Data-Based Analysis (Questions 8–14)

The table below shows selected development indicators for four Asian economies in 2023.

Country	GDP per capita (USD)	Internet penetration (%)	Manufacturing % of GDP	Gini coefficient
Country A	82,000	94	18	0.33
Country B	12,500	67	28	0.41
Country C	2,100	31	16	0.48
Country D	45,000	88	22	0.36

8. Using the table, compare the internet penetration and manufacturing share of GDP between Country A and Country C. [5]

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9. Suggest one reason why Country C has a higher Gini coefficient than Country A. [2]

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Image pending generation: graph for Q10.

10. Using Resource Q10-fig1, describe the trend in TNC services FDI compared to manufacturing FDI in Southeast Asia between 2010 and 2022. [3]

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11. Explain how ICT and transport technologies facilitate the global operations of a TNC such as Zara. [6]

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12. Account for the variation in GDP per capita between Country B and Country D using the concept of global trade flows. [4]

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13. Identify one negative social impact of TNC Global Production Networks on host economies. [2]

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14. Using the table in Q8, state which country is most likely an emerging economy with moderate development and give one indicator to support your answer. [3]

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Section C: Extended Application and Evaluation (Questions 15–20)

15. Explain how variations in labour characteristics influence TNC locational decisions. [4]

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16. To what extent can states regulate the operations of TNCs within their territory? [6]

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17. Evaluate the role of multilateral institutions such as ASEAN and the WTO in shaping the global economy. [6]

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18. Explain Boserup’s view on technology and resource limits, and outline one limitation of her argument. [4]

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19. Suggest how non-state actors could help protect workers from exploitative TNC practices. [3]

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20. Using the data from Q8 and your geographical knowledge, assess the relationship between economic development and income inequality across the four countries. [5]

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A-Level Geography H2 Quiz - Human Geography (Answer Key)

Total Marks: 40
Topic: Human Geography

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Section A: Foundations (Q1–7)

Q1 [2 marks]
Answer: A Global Production Network (GPN) is the interconnected system through which transnational corporations organise the sourcing, transformation, distribution, and consumption of goods and services across different countries.
Teaching note: Define GPN as the full chain linking places via TNC activities. 1 mark for mentioning TNC coordination, 1 mark for naming the four stages (sourcing, transformation, distribution, consumption) or similar.
Common mistake: Confusing GPN with a single factory or only trade flows.

Q2 [1 mark]
Answer: Sustained economic growth / efficient resource use / meeting present economic needs without compromising future.
Teaching note: Brundtland Report (Our Common Future) lists economic, environmental, social dimensions. Any one economic dimension accepted.

Q3 [1 mark]
Answer: World Trade Organization (WTO).
Teaching note: WTO sets rules for international trade; not World Bank (development loans).

Q4 [1 mark]
Answer: Food, water, timber, fibre (any provisioning service).
Teaching note: Provisioning = products obtained from ecosystems. Regulating/cultural/support are other types.

Q5 [1 mark]
Answer: Limits imposed by the natural environment (food supply / resources).
Teaching note: Malthus argued population grows geometrically, resources arithmetically → environmental limit.

Q6 [1 mark]
Answer: Innovation (e.g., fertilisers, irrigation) increases agricultural yield / expands usable land.
Teaching note: Boserup contends technology prevents Malthusian crisis.

Q7 [1 mark]
Answer: Samsung, Foxconn, Intel (any electronics TNC).
Teaching note: Accept any verifiable TNC in electronics.

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Section B: Source/Data (Q8–14)

Q8 [5 marks]
Answer: Country A has internet penetration of 94% and manufacturing 18% of GDP, while Country C has 31% and 16% respectively. Country A’s internet penetration is 63 percentage points higher; manufacturing share is only 2 pts higher. Thus digital access is far more unequal than manufacturing structure.
Mark breakdown: 2 marks compare internet (numbers + comparative lang), 2 marks compare manufacturing, 1 mark synthesis.
Teaching note: Use table values; show contrast not just list.

Q9 [2 marks]
Answer: Country C is lower-income with concentrated asset ownership / weak redistribution → higher inequality (Gini 0.48 vs 0.33).
Teaching note: Gini measures income dispersion; higher = more unequal.

Q10 [3 marks]
Answer: TNC services FDI rose from USD 20b (2010) to 95b (2022), overtaking manufacturing around 2020. Manufacturing also rose (35→88b) but services grew faster.
Mark breakdown: 1 mark start values, 1 mark end values, 1 mark crossover/relative speed.
Image need: Graph shows two lines, services steeper post-2014.

Q11 [6 marks]
Answer: ICT (internet, ERP, comms) lets Zara coordinate design, orders, inventory globally in real time [2]. Transport tech (container shipping, air freight) moves garments quickly from low-cost hubs to stores [2]. Together they enable fast-fashion GPN with short lead times [2].
Teaching note: Link to template on Zara GPN.

Q12 [4 marks]
Answer: Country D (45k) integrates into high-value trade (services, tech) while B (12.5k) relies on mid-tier manufacturing [2]. Trade flows favour D via capital/labour mobility [2].
Teaching note: Use global trade unevenness concept.

Q13 [2 marks]
Answer: Poor wages / long hours / unsafe conditions for workers in host plants.
Teaching note: Social impact on host, not home.

Q14 [3 marks]
Answer: Country B; GDP per capita 12,500 and internet 67% indicate middle-income emerging status [2], not high (A/D) or low (C) [1].

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Section C: Extended (Q15–20)

Q15 [4 marks]
Answer: TNCs seek low-cost, skilled, or abundant labour [2]; e.g., routine manufacturing goes to low-wage states, R&D to skilled hubs [2].
Teaching note: Labour characteristics = cost, skill, availability.

Q16 [6 marks]
Answer: States can set laws, taxes, labour rules [2]; but TNCs may threaten exit, limiting state power [2]; influence varies by state capacity [2].
Markers: AO3 evaluation required.

Q17 [6 marks]
Answer: ASEAN/WTO lower tariffs, set norms [2]; they constrain states but lack enforcement on TNCs [2]; mixed success in equity [2].
Descriptors: L2 (3–4) lists, L3 (5–6) evaluates.

Q18 [4 marks]
Answer: Boserup: tech lifts limits via innovation [2]; limit: uneven access, not all places benefit [2].

Q19 [3 marks]
Answer: NGOs monitor factories, unions bargain, campaigns pressure brands [3].

Q20 [5 marks]
Answer: Data shows A/D high GDP low Gini, C low GDP high Gini → development may reduce inequality if inclusive [3]; but B shows mid GDP moderate Gini, not linear [2].
Teaching note: Use table + concept of Kuznets-style curve cautiously.